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Freeman Megamerge
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ohnonotgmail wrote: »or both
They have been "Liberal" with the truth before but this is just a new low. Quoting the section about child welfare without saying it deals only with confidentiality is deliberately trying to influence families0 -
Can a charity advise people on matters of the law?0
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Wonder who took the photo of the Judiciary dining with the BB and why.0
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Wonder who took the photo of the Judiciary dining with the BB and why.
Ed Honahan isn’t a member of the judiciary ... he’s a civil servant who has been criticised for stepping outside his brief before. It explains why mr Gilroy has been fairly vocal for the last while in support of his opinions0 -
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Still begs the question as to who took the photo. And why.0
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Intrigued.0
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Intrigued.
there isn't really a whole pile to be intrigued about - Gilroy has his motives for campaigning for the rights of people who are in default of mortgages / loans secured on property which is usually tied in to substantial investment or business losses. Gilroy himself hasn't paid a penny (from what I can find online) towards his own mortgage in almost a decade and while it isn't a substantial mortgage he personally feels its in his best interest to spend his time looking for legal loopholes to allow him to keep the asset without paying for it.
Ed Honahan has been outspoken (maybe lobbied by some special interest groups) about the rights of some similar people. it would be natural for Gilroy to buddy up with people like this to further his own agenda.
While I wouldn't have a whole pile of time for Honahan at least he is less likely to fill Gilroy's head with pseudolegal nonsense than Gilroy's other associates.0 -
The Master of the High Court is a decent man. That is not disputed.0
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The Master of the High Court is a decent man. That is not disputed.
What would make you make that assumption ? Not disputed ?
Have a read of this
http://www.thepropertypin.com/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=665790 -
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Wanted to see if anybody would dispute it!
Frankly, his motives are still a mystery.0 -
Ed Honahan has been outspoken (maybe lobbied by some special interest groups) about the rights of some similar people. it would be natural for Gilroy to buddy up with people like this to further his own agenda.
While I wouldn't have a whole pile of time for Honahan at least he is less likely to fill Gilroy's head with pseudolegal nonsense than Gilroy's other associates.
As a civil servant he is bound to not speak out publicly or to campaign on issues approaching a political nature, especially in relation to his office. Also, he may not take any gift or token from anybody whom he may deal with in the course of discharging his duties. He needs to tread very carefully here or he could well .be be a Master no more0 -
Join Date:Posts: 10078
There's also the conflict of interest in him drafting legislation.Losty Dublin wrote: »As a civil servant he is bound to not speak out publicly or to campaign on issues approaching a political nature, especially in relation to his office. Also, he may not take any gift or token from anybody whom he may deal with in the course of discharging his duties. He needs to tread very carefully here or he could well .be be a Master no more0 -
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As excuses go, that's a novel one.0 -
ARTICLE 43.1.1O AIRTEAGAL 43.1.1O
PRIVATE PROPERTY MAOIN PHRÍOBHÁIDEACH
TÉACS GAEILGE Maoin Phríobháideach Admhaíonn an Stát, toisc bua an réasúin a bheith ag an duine, go bhfuil sé de cheart nádúrtha aige maoin shaolta a bheith aige dá chuid féin go príobháideach, ceart is ársa ná reacht daonna.
LITERAL ENGLISH TRANSLATION Private Property/Assets The State acknowledges, because man has the gift of reason, that he has a natural right to have worldly assets of his own privately, a right which is more ancient than human statute.
ENGLISH TEXT Private Property The State acknowledges that man, in virtue of his rational being, has the natural right, antecedent to positive law, to the private ownership of external goods.
1 ‘The private ownership of external goods’ is expressed in the Irish text as ‘maoin shaolta a bheith aige dá chuid féin go príobháideach’, ‘to have worldly goods of his own privately’, with the term expressing ‘goods’ being the term which expresses ‘property’ in the heading of this Article, i.e. ‘maoin’, ‘goods’ being translated as ‘earraí’ in Téarmaí Dlí. 2 ‘Man, in virtue of his rational being’ is expressed as ‘toisc bua an réasúin a bheith ag an duine’ (‘because man has the gift of reason’) in the Irish text. 3 ‘Positive law’ is expressed as ‘reacht daonna’ (‘human statute’) in the Irish text – note, however, that ‘daonna’ is also found in the translation of ‘positive law’ in Téarmaí Dlí, ‘dlí daonna’. 4 ‘Antecedent to’ is expressed in the Irish text as ‘ceart is ársa ná’, ‘a right which is more ancient than’.
J.M. Kelly, op. cit., p. 209, reports as follows on reference made to this Article in the courts:
In Central Dublin Development Association Ltd. v Attorney General ([1975] 109 ILTR 69) Kenny J said, in regard to both Article 43.1.1 and Article 43.2.2, that “while there may not be a conflict” between the Irish and English versions, the English version seemed to him “to be a most unhappy attempt to reproduce the meaning of that in Irish”:
‘The phrase “de cheart nádúrtha aige maoin shaolta a bheith aige dá chuid féin go príobháideach” … means, I think, “a natural right to his own private share of worldly wealth” and not “the natural right to the private ownership of external goods”… Another source of confusion in the English text is the use in Article 43.2.2 of the word “delimit”. The Irish phrase is “teorainn a chur” which would, I think, be more accurately translated as “restrict”. In Professor de Bhaldraithe’s standard English-Irish dictionary, the Irish equivalent of “restrict” is given as “cuirim teorainn le”.’
J.M. Kelly remarks on the reference above to the English version being an attempt to reproduce the Irish that ‘in view of the history of the Irish version, this phrase of Kenny J seems to be a mere judicial politeness’.
Commentary
is ársa ná Literally ‘more ancient than’. We find this phrase earlier in Article 41.1.1o. Regarding ‘antecedent’ in the Acts, in s67(2)(b)(iv) of the Fisheries Act, 1939, ‘any circumstances antecedent to the transition period which may have affected the earning power of the fishery’ is translated as ‘aon chúrsaí bhí ann roimh an idir-thréimhse agus dob fhéidir do rinne deifir do chumas tuillimh an iascaigh’. The heading above s293 of the Companies Act, 1963, ‘Offences antecedent to or in the course of Winding Up’, is translated simply as ‘Cionta roimh an bhFoirceannadh nó i gcúrsa an Fhoirceanta’. ‘Antecedent order’ is translated as ‘réamh-ordú’ in s3(1) of the Family Law (Maintenance of Spouses and Children) Act, 1976. ‘Liability of persons conducting negotiations antecedent to hirepurchase agreements’ is translated as ‘Dliteanas daoine a sheolann caibidlí roimh chomhaontuithe fruilcheannaigh’ in the Margin Title of s32 of the Sale of Goods and Supply
of Services Act, 1980. ‘That the provisions of this Act relating to matters antecedent to such application have been complied with’ is translated as ‘go bhfuiltear … tar éis déanamh do réir na bhforálacha den Acht so bhaineann le cúrsaí ba thúisce ná an t-iarratas san’ in s7 of the Public Assistance (Acquisition of Land) Act, 1934. ‘Any circumstances antecedent to the transition period’ is translated as ‘(maidir le) haon toscaí roimh an idirthréimhse’ in s194(2)(b)(iv) of the Fisheries (Consolidation) Act, 1959, and as ‘aon chúrsaí bhí ann roimh an idir-thréimhse’ in s67(2)(b)(iv) of the Fisheries Act, 1939. De Bhaldraithe translates ‘matters antecedent to …’ as ‘nithe ba thúisce ná …’.
bua Ó Dónaill gives ‘gift, talent’ and ‘virtue, merit’ as two of the secondary senses of ‘bua’ (the primary sense being ‘victory, triumph’), citing respectively ‘bua cainte, ceoil, gift of speech, music’ and ‘is mór an bua do dhuine an tsláinte, it is a great advantage to have one’s health’. Dinneen includes ‘virtue, excellence, an attribute’ among the senses of ‘buaidh’. DIL cites ‘búaid precepte’ (‘the gift of preaching’) from the eighth-century Würzburg Glosses as an example of this secondary sense of ‘búaid’ (‘special quality or attribute, gift, virtue, pre-eminence, excellence; prerogative’), the primary sense of ‘victory, triumph’ also being cited from the same Glosses (in the archaic form ‘boid’). See further the commentary on Article 40.1. The Shorter Oxford Dictionary has the following entry s.v. ‘virtue’:
II As a quality of things. 1. In the prepositional phrases in or by (also through or with) virute of, by the power or efficacy of; hence, in later use, by the authority of, in reliance upon, in consequence of, because of.
The phrase ‘by virtue of’ is translated as ‘de bhua’ in Téarmaí Dlí and is so translated in the Acts, the phrase ‘by virtue of this Act’, ‘de bhua an Achta seo’, being of regular occurrence in the Acts. ‘All … functions for the time being vested in him in virtue of his office’ is translated as ‘na feidhmeanna uile a bheidh dílsithe don PhríomhBhreitheamh de thuras na huaire de bhua a oifige’ in s10(2) of the Courts (Supplemental Provisions) Act, 1961, with ‘de bhua a oifige’ translating ‘in virtue of his office’ in s2 of the Courts of Justice Act, 1928. Note, incidentally, that ‘in full force and virtue’ is cited in the Oireachtas Dictionary of Official Terms as being translated as ‘i lán-fheidhm agus i lán-bhrí’ in translations for the Department of Local Government and Public Health.
bua an réasúin The principal meaning of ‘réasún’ in Ó Dónaill is ‘reason, reasoning faculty; reasonableness, sense’, citing ‘bíodh réasún ionat, be reasonable’, ‘duine gan réasún, unreasoning, unreasonable person’ and ‘ní féidir réasún a chur ann, he won’t listen to reason’. Note incidentally that Ó Dónaill gives a second headword ‘réasún’, translated as ‘winkers’, Dinneen including ‘the winkers of a horse’, along with ‘a reason or argument, meaning, reasonableness, moderation in conduct, sobriety; a reasonable price’ among the senses of ‘réasún’. ‘Résún’ (‘reason’) is a Romance loanword, according to DIL, citing ‘da mbeth resun agat’ (said to a lifeless object) as an example of the sense of ‘the reasoning faculty’. ‘Reasonable cause’ is translated as ‘cúis réasúnach’ in Téarmaí Dlí. ‘Conservation of fish stocks and rationalexploitation of fisheries’ is translated as ‘Stoic éisc a chaomhnú agus leas réasúnach a bhaint as iascaigh’ in the Margin Title of the Fisheries (Amendment) Act, 1962, for example. ‘Réasúnach’ is translated as ‘rational’ in Colmán Ó Huallacháin, Foclóir Fealsaimh (1958), ‘reasonable’ being translated as ‘réasúnta’ in the same Dictionary of Philosophy. ‘Beith’, the verbal noun of the substantive verb, translates ‘being’ in that work. ‘Beith’ is translated as ‘being, entity’, followed by the abbreviation for Philosophy, in Ó Dónaill, who also cites the headword ‘eiseach’, ‘existing thing, being’. Professor Máirtín Ó Murchú, commenting on ‘de bhua bheith réasúnach an duine’ in a draft of the direct translation below, remarks that this would not be understood, particularly as ‘beith’ is lenited. Professor Ó Murchú recommends translating this phrase as ‘de bhua an duine a bheith réasúnach’.
maoin shaolta ‘Maoin’ is translated as ‘property’ in Téarmaí Dlí, where ‘maoin phearsanta’ is translated as ‘personal property’. Ó Dónaill translates ‘maoin’ as ‘property, wealth’, translating ‘maoin shaolta’ as ‘worldly goods’. Dinneen also translates ‘maoin an tsaoghail’ / ‘maoin tsaoghalta’ as ‘worldly goods’, translating ‘maoin’ itself as ‘wealth, riches, property, means, substance; benefit, gift; love, a term of endearment’. The primary sense of Old Irish ‘maín’ is ‘a benefit’, according to DIL, citing the following example (with the prefix ‘dag’) from the eighthcentury Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles: ‘is eícrichnichthe don-indnig-som a dagmoíni’ (‘without limit he bestows his benefits’), the sense of ‘gift’ being frequently implied in Middle Irish. The secondary sense of ‘maín’, according to DIL, was ‘a valuable article or possession, a treasure; in plural treasures, possessions, wealth’ and in the early Irish law-tracts ‘maín’ is sometimes used of cattle, stock – cattle being the most common form of currency in the period of those tracts – see Fergus Kelly, p. 113 ff. DIL cites ‘do shomhaoine saoghalta’ (‘somaín’ = ‘so’ + ‘maín’, ‘profit, benefit’), from the Annals of the Four Masters, s.v. ‘saegulta’ (‘belonging to this world, mundane, secular’). ‘Maoin’ translates ‘property’ in the Acts – see, for example, s2 of the Malicious Injuries Act, 1981, where ‘“property” includes wild animals in captivity and incorporeal hereditaments’ is translated as ‘folaíonn “maoin” ainmhithe fiaine i mbraighdeanas agus oidhreachtáin neamhchorpracha’ and s2 of the Capital Acquisitions Tax Act, 1976, where ‘“personal property” means any property other than real property’, ‘“property” includes rights and interests of any description’ and ‘“real property” means real and chattel real property’ are translated respectively as ‘ciallaíonn “maoin phearsanta” aon mhaoin seachas maoin réadach’, ‘folaíonn “maoin” cearta agus leasanna d’aon chineál’ and ‘ciallaíonn “maoin réadach” maoin réadach agus maoin airnéise réadaí’. ‘The real and personal property … shall be regarded as private property’ is translated as ‘Áireofar mar mhaoin phríobháideach an mhaoin’ in Article 34 of the First Schedule to the Geneva Conventions Act, 1962. In s7 of the Private Bill Costs Act, 1924, ‘or which interferes with the private property of any person’ is translated as ‘no le n-a gcuirtear isteach ar mhaoin phríobháideach éinne’. ‘Maitheasa saolta’ is cited in Foclóir Oifigiúil s.v. ‘goods’ (with reference to Tobar Fíorghlan Gaeilge, 97). T. O’Neill
Lane gives ‘maoin’ as his secondary translation of ‘goods’, citing ‘that he did not put his hand to his neighbour’s goods, nár chuir seisean a láimh i maoin chomharsan’ (Ex. xxii. 11). His principal translation, however, ‘earradh, -aidh’, is that found in Téarmaí Dlí, where ‘goods’ is translated as ‘earraí’, with ‘I pass off goods as those of another’ translated as ‘tairgim earraí i leith is gur earraí duine eile iad’ and ‘property in the goods’, ‘slander of goods’ and ‘trespass to goods’ are translated respectively as ‘dílseánacht sna hearraí’, ‘clúmhilleadh earraí’ and ‘foghail ar earraí’. Note, however, that ‘in the goods of’ is translated in Téarmaí Dlí as ‘maidir le maoin’. ‘Earraí’ generally translates ‘goods’ in the Acts – see, for example s39 of the Finance Act, 1980, where ‘In this Chapter “goods” means goods manufactured within the State’ is translated as ‘Sa Chaibidil seo ciallaíonn “earraí” earraí a mhonaraigh an chuideachta sa Stát’. ‘Gustail shaolta’ expresses ‘material resources’ in Article 45.2.ii – see the commentary thereon regarding ‘saolta’. ‘Saolta’ translates ‘temporal’ in the European Assembly Elections Act, 1977, for example, in s74 of which ‘any temporal or spiritual injury or loss’ is translated as ‘aon díobháil nó dochar, saolta nó spioradálta’. ‘External’ is translated as ‘eachtrach’ and ‘seachtrach’ in the Acts – ‘external tax’ is translated as ‘cáin eachtrach’ in s35(1) of the Finance Act, 1968, for example, but as ‘cáin sheachtrach’ in s163(c) of the Corporation Tax Act, 1976. ‘External income tax’ is translated as ‘cáin ioncaim eachtrach’ in s365(1)(b) of the Income Tax Act, 1967. ‘Seachtrach’ is cited as translating ‘outer’, ‘outside’ and ‘exterior’ in the Acts, also. ‘Eachtrach’ also translates ‘foreign’, the most conspicuous example, perhaps, being ‘An Roinn Gnóthaí Eachtracha’, ‘The Department of Foreign Affairs’. In s1(xi) of the Ministers and Secretaries Act, 1924, ‘the Department of External Affairs’ is cited as ‘An Roinn Gnóthaí Coigríche’. This was changed to ‘An Roinn Gnóthaí Eachtracha’ by the Ministers and Secretaries (Amendment) Act, 1939, s6(1) of which reads as follows:
It shall be lawful for the Government … to alter in such way as they think proper the name (whether in the Irish language or the English language or in both those languages) of any Department of State.
Professor Máirtín Ó Murchú questions the meaning of ‘external’ in this Article and remarks that it seems to be the philosophical sense of ‘derived from a source outside the subject affected, outside the conscious subject’. If that is the sense here, then Professor Ó Murchú recommends ‘seachtrach’ rather than ‘eachtrach’.
a bheith aige Literally ‘to have’. ‘A bheith dá gcuid féin acu’ expresses ‘to own’ in Article 44.2.5o. ‘Ownership’ is translated as ‘úinéireacht’ in Téarmaí Dlí. ‘Or have before importation been in private ownership for a substantial period’ is translated as ‘no bhí ar únaeracht phríobháideach ar feadh tamaill mhaith sarar hiomportáladh iad’ in s15(b) of the First Schedule to the Finance Act, 1932. In Treaties establishing the European Communities (1973, p. 518), for example, ‘exercise the right of ownership conferred upon it with respect to special fissile materials’ is translated as ‘an ceart úinéireachta a fheidhmiú a thugtar dó i ndáil le hábhair inscoilte speisialta’. In s33(1) of the Finance Act, 1990, ‘the risks and benefits associated with ownershof the qualifying premises’ is translated as ‘na fiontair agus na tairbhí a bhaineann le húinéireacht an áitribh cháilithigh’. In s27 of the Corporation Tax Act, 1976, the heading ‘Change in ownership of company’ is translated as ‘athrú ar úinéireacht cuideachta’, which also translates ‘a change in the ownership of a company’ within the section. ‘The owner of the group’ is translated as ‘úinéir an chnuasaigh’ in s16(1) of the Capital Acquisitions Tax Act of the same year, while in s3(2) of the Local Government (Financial Provisions) Act, 1978, ‘the authority are the owner of a dwelling’ is translated as ‘(gurb) é an t-údarás is úinéir ar theach cónaithe’. See further the commentary on Article 44.2.5o, particularly for citations from early Acts. Note that ‘dílse’ expresses ‘ownership’ in Article 45.2.ii – see the commentary thereon for further translations of ‘own’/‘ownership’. Regarding the direct translation below, we have noted already (see the commentary on Article 12.2.2o) how ‘an ceart ar’ is sometimes used instead of ‘an ceart chun’ – in the Joint Declaration of December, 1993, for example, ‘the right of free political thought, the right of freedom and expression of religion’ is translated as ‘an ceart ar shaorsmaoineamh polaitiúil, an ceart ar shaoirse agus ar léiriú creidimh’ – this allows one avoid the genitive case which follows ‘chun’. Commenting on the direct translation below of ‘to the private ownership of external goods’ as ‘ar úinéireacht phríobháideach earraí seachtracha’, Professor Máirtín Ó Murchú remarks that ‘úinéireacht’ cannot have a qualifying genitive of this type – note the examples from the Acts above, however. Professor Ó Murchú recommends translating this phrase as ‘ar sheilbh phríobháideach in earraí seachtracha’.
reacht daonna See the commentary on Article 41.1.1o. ‘Reacht’ is translated as ‘statute’ in Téarmaí Dlí, where ‘positive law’ is translated as ‘dlí daonna’. Note how the definite article precedes ‘dlí idirnáisiúnta’ (translated as ‘international law’ in Téarmaí Dlí) in ‘chun críche a cheadaíonn an dlí idirnáisiúnta’, translating ‘(for) a purpose recognised by international law’ in s5 of the Fisheries (Amendment) Act, 1978. As regards ‘positive’, note that in s7(1) of the Companies (Re-Constitution of Records) Act, 1924, ‘but of whose dissolution he is unable to adduce positive evidence’ is translated as ‘ach nách féidir do fianaise dheimhnitheach do thabhairt ar a scur’.
Gender-proofed Irish text
Maoin Phríobháideach Admhaíonn an Stát, toisc bua an réasúin a bheith ag an duine, go bhfuil sé de cheart nádúrtha aige nó aici maoin shaolta a bheith aige dá chuid féin, nó aici dá cuid féin, go príobháideach, ceart is ársa ná reacht daonna.
Direct gender-proofed translation
Maoin Phríobháideach Aithníonn an Stát, de bhua an réasún a bheith sa duine1, go bhfuil aige nó aici2 an ceart nádúrtha, is túisce ná3 an dlí daonna, ar úinéireacht phríobháideach earraí seachtracha4. Variants 1 ‘de bhua an duine a bheith réasúnach’, ‘de bhua bheith réasúnach an duine’, ‘de bhua an duine a bheith ina bheith nó ina beith réasúnach’
2 ‘ag an duine’ 3 ‘a bhí ann roimh’ 4 ‘chun úinéireachta príobháidí earraí seachtracha/eachtracha’, ‘ar sheilbh phríobháideach in earraí seachtracha’, ‘bheith ina úinéir príobháideach nó ina húinéir príobháideach ar earraí seachtracha/ eachtracha’
ARTICLE 43.1.2O AIRTEAGAL 43.1.2O
TÉACS GAEILGE Uime sin, ráthaíonn an Stát gan aon dlí a achtú d’iarraidh an ceart sin, ná gnáthcheart an duine chun maoin a shannadh
agus a thiomnú agus a ghlacadh ina hoidhreacht, a chur ar ceal.
LITERAL ENGLISH TRANSLATION For that reason, the State guarantees not to enact any law attempting to set aside that right, nor the ordinary right of man to assign and to bequeath and to receive assets/ property as an inheritance.
ENGLISH TEXT The State accordingly guarantees to pass no law attempting to abolish the right of private ownership or the general right to transfer, bequeath, and inherit property.
Divergences between the official texts
1 ‘The right of private ownership’ is expressed as ‘an ceart sin’, ‘that right’, in the Irish text, referring back to the previous subsection. 2 The Irish term ‘cur ar ceal’, expressing ‘abolish’, is translated as ‘set aside’ in Téarmaí Dlí. 3 ‘The general right’ is expressed as ‘gnáthcheart an duine’ (‘the ordinary/usual right of man’) in the Irish text, with ‘ginearálta’ rather than ‘gnáth’ translating ‘general’ in Téarmaí Dlí. 4 ‘To transfer’ is expressed in the Irish text by ‘sann’, which term is translated as ‘assign’ in Téarmaí Dlí, ‘I transfer’ being translated as ‘aistrím’. 5 ‘To inherit’ is expressed as ‘a ghlacadh ina hoidhreacht’ (‘to receive as an inheritance’) in the Irish text. 6 ‘To transfer, bequeath, and inherit’ is expressed as ‘a shannadh agus a thiomnú agus a ghlacadh ina hoidhreacht’, ‘to transfer and to bequeath and to inherit’, in the Irish text. 7 ‘Accordingly’ is expressed as ‘Uime sin’, ‘for that reason’, in the Irish text.
Commentary
a chur ar ceal ‘Cuirim ar ceal’ is translated as ‘I set aside’ in Téarmaí Dlí. ‘Rud a chur ar ceal’ is translated as ‘to abolish something’ in Ó Dónaill, who translates ‘cuireadh an rún, an reacht, ar ceal’ as ‘the motion, enactment, was set aside, rescinded’. Dinneen translates ‘cuir ar ceal’ as ‘put off, lay aside’. DIL translates ‘cel’ as ‘concealment (?), dissolution, extinction, death’, citing ‘an tí chuireas ar ceal toradh’ (= ‘qui … distulit’) from Keating’s seventeenthcentury Three Shafts of Death. ‘Custum do chur ar ceal’ is cited in the Oireachtas Dictionary of Official Terms as translating ‘to abolish
A study of the Irish text Staidéar ar an téacs Gaeilge 623
Customs duties’ in translations for the Department of Finance. In the ‘Waterford County Scheme’ in the Schedule to the Local Government (Temporary Provisions) Act, 1923, the Heading ‘Abolish outdoor Relief’ is translated as ‘Deire le Fóirithin Allamuich’, with ‘Oifigí ar lár fén Scéim Seo’ translating the heading ‘Offices Abolished under this Scheme’ in the ‘Galway County Scheme’. ‘Every abolition order shall operate to abolish the licence the subject of the order’ is translated as ‘Oibreoidh gach ordú scriosa chun deire do chur leis an gceadúnas is abhar don ordú’ in s41(3) of the Intoxicating Liquor Act, 1927. Finally, the Long Title of the Family Law Act, 1981, ‘An Act to abolish actions for criminal conversation, enticement and harbouring of a spouse’ is translated as ‘Acht do chur deireadh le caingne maidir le caidreamh collaí, mealladh agus tearmannú céile’.
d’iarraidh an ceart sin In ‘d’iarraidh’ we have the preposition ‘do’ with vowel elided, before the verbal noun ‘iarraidh’, corresponding to the now standard ‘ag’. See Seán Ua Súilleabháin, op. cit., p. 525, regarding ‘ag’/‘do’ before ‘iarraidh’ in South Munster (I translate):
In Desmond id is heard where ig or d’ would be expected before iaraig, ‘iarraidh’, e.g. id iara(ig) uisce (H. Wagner, Linguistic Atlas and Survey of Irish Dialects II [Munster] [1964], 44). This is a combined form with the vowel of ig and the consonant of do. (I nDeasmhumhain cloistear id mar a mbeifí ag súil le ig nó d’ roimh iaraig … ‘iarraidh’, m.sh. id iara(ig) uisce (LASID, II, 44). Foirm chumaiscthe é seo le guta ig agus consan do).
In Article 20 of the 1922 Constitution, ‘persons interfering with, molesting or attempting to corrupt its members in the exercise of their duties’ is translated as ‘daoine a bhainfidh le n-a bhaill no a chuirfidh isteach ortha no a thabharfaidh fé iad do bhreaba le linn dóibh a ndualgaisí do chó-líona’. Note that ‘Inciting people to engage in an attempt to overthrow by violence the established form of Government of Saorstát Éireann’ is translated as ‘Daoine do ghríosú chun tabhairt fé fhuirm bhunuithe Rialtas Shaorstáit Éireann do bhrise le fóiréigean’ in s1 of the Schedule to the Public Safety (Powers of Arrest and Detention) Temporary Act, 1924. ‘In respect of a prisoner attempting to escape’ is translated as ‘maidir le príosúnach do bheadh ad’ iarraidh éaluithe’ in s10(2)(f) of the Constitution (Amendment No. 17) Act, 1931. Finally, ‘within three hours after so driving or attempting to drive’ is translated as ‘laistigh de thrí huaire a chloig tar éis dó tiomáint, nó iarracht a thabhairt ar thiomáint’ in s10 of the Road Traffic (Amendment) Act, 1978.
gnáthcheart ‘Gnáth’ in compounds is translated as ‘common’, ‘ordinary’, ‘plain’ and ‘fair’ in Téarmaí Dlí, where ‘gnáthbhanna airgid’, ‘Gnáthbhille Sibhialta’, ‘gnáthchaitheamh agus gnáthchumailt’ agus ‘gnáthchóip’ are translated respectively as ‘common money bond’, ‘Ordinary Civil Bill’, ‘fair wear and tear’ and ‘plain copy’, with ‘gnáthstoc’ being translated as ‘common (ordinary) stock’. ‘Gnáth-’ is translated as (1) ‘usual, customary, ordinary; vulgar, common; standard’ and (2) ‘constant, unremittant’ in Ó Dónaill and as ‘usual, general, average, continual; standing, characteristic’ in Dinneen. DIL cites examples of the adjective ‘gnáth’, ‘customary, usual, familiar, well-known’, from the ninth-century Milan Glosses
onwards. See further the commentary on ‘gnáthadmhaithe’, ‘generally recognised’, in Article 29.3. ‘General agent’ and ‘general power of appointment’, for example, are translated respectively as ‘gníomhaire ginearálta’ and ‘cumhacht cheapacháin ghinearálta’ in Téarmaí Dlí. The Margin Title of s5 of the Sligo Lighting and Electric Power Act, 1924, ‘Extension of general purposes and power of Company’, is translated as ‘Leathanú ar chrícheanna agus ar chomhachta generálta na Cuideachtan’. Note that ‘general conversation’ is cited in the Oireachtas Dictionary of Official Terms, as being translated as ‘gnáth-chomhrá’ in translations for the Department of Education, with ‘general domestic servant’ being translated as ‘gnáth-sheirbhíseach tighe’ in translations for the Department of Industry and Commerce.
ina hoidhreacht ‘Oidhreacht’ is translated as ‘inheritance’ in Téarmaí Dlí, where ‘tagaim in oidhreacht (mhaoine)’ is translated as ‘I inherit (property)’, ‘oidhre’ being translated as ‘heir’. ‘Oidhreacht’ is translated as ‘inheritance, heredity; heritage, patrimony’ in Ó Dónaill, who translates ‘rud a fháil le hoidhreacht, teacht in oidhreacht ruda’ as ‘to inherit something’, ‘oidhreacht ár sinsear’ being translated as ‘our ancestral heritage, patrimony’. Dinneen translates ‘oidhreacht’ as ‘an inheritance, heirloom, birthright, patrimony’, citing ‘thánag i n-oidhreacht an airgid do bhí ag m’athair, I inherited my father’s money’. ‘Eigrecht’/‘oigrecht’ is based on ‘eigre’, the earliest recorded dateable example of which is in a thirteenth-century poem – see DIL s.v. ‘eigre’. DIL translates ‘eigrecht’ as ‘inheritance, heritage, patrimony, (inherited) possession’, citing ‘do glac sé oighrecht a shenathar cuigi .i. iarlacht o Berbuic’. ‘Where a person to whom real estate is devised for an estate tail or an estate in quasi entail dies in the lifetime of the testator leaving issue who could inherit under the entail’ is translated as ‘I gcás duine dá réadtiomnófar eastát réadach le haghaidh eastáit shainoidhrithe nó eastáit i samhail-sainoidhreacht d’fháil bháis le linn bheo an tiomnóra agus an duine sin d’fhágáil sleachta a d’fhéadfadh teacht in oidhreacht faoin sianordú’ in s97 of the Succession Act, 1965.
a shannadh ‘Sannaim’ is translated as ‘I assign’ in Téarmaí Dlí. Ó Dónaill also translates ‘sann’ as ‘assign’, citing ‘maoin a shannadh, to assign property’. DIL translates ‘sannaid’ as ‘(Legal) separates, alienates (land)’, citing ‘naid inrean, naide sanna’ (‘he is not to sell it, or alienate it’, i.e. land belonging to the family) from an early Irish law-tract. See further the commentary on Article 10.3 where ‘sannadh’ expresses ‘alienation’. ‘I transfer’ is translated as ‘aistrím’ in Téarmaí Dlí. ‘The right to transfer property to or withdraw it from the fund’ is translated as ‘an ceart chun maoin a aistriú isteach sa chiste nó a thógáil amach as’ in s46(4)(b) of the Charities Act, 1961. The Heading of Part III of the Ninth Schedule to the Finance Act, 1990, ‘Conveyance or Transfer on Sale of other Property’ is translated as ‘Tíolacadh nó Aistriú ar Dhíol Maoine eile’. Finally, in s10(1) of the Schedule to the Public Safety (Emergency Powers) (No. 2) Act, 1923, ‘order the transfer of such property, in so far as it consists of land, to the Irish Land Commission’ is translated as ‘ordóidh sé an mhaoin sin d’aistriú an méid is talamh de chun Coimisiún Talmhan na hÉireann’.
624 The Constitution of Ireland Bunreacht na hÉireann
a thiomnú ‘Tiomnaím’ is translated as ‘I bequeath’ in Téarmaí Dlí. ‘May … by deed or will convey, devise or bequeath such national monument’ is translated as ‘an séadchomhartha náisiúnta san do leithliú no do thiomna le dintiúir no le huacht’ in s10 of the National Monuments Act, 1930. ‘In relation to any property devised or bequeathed by the testator’ is translated as ‘i ndáil le haon mhaoin a réadthiomnaigh nó a thiomnaigh an tiomnóir’ in s33(2)(a) of the Capital Acquisitions Tax Act, 1976. In the Preamble to the Methodist Church in Ireland Act, 1928, ‘real … property which has been or may be … subscribed or bequeathed’ is translated as ‘maidir le maoin réalta a dineadh … a shanna no a fhágaint le huadhacht’.
Uime sin Ó Dónaill gives ‘about, concerning, in regard to, on account of’ as one of the senses of ‘um’ from earlier Irish literature, citing ‘mhaígh a ghean gáire air uime, he broke into a laugh over it’ – see the commentary on Article 41.2.2o. ‘Accordingly’ is generally translated as ‘dá réir sin’ in the Acts – see s25(2) of the National Health Insurance Act, 1923, for example, where ‘and cognate works shall be construed accordingly’ is translated as ‘agus léireofar focail den chineál chéanna dá réir sin’. See further the commentary on Article 23.2.1o where we find ‘dá bhíthin sin’ expressing ‘accordingly’.
a ghlacadh ‘Glacaim’ is translated as ‘I admit (as evidence); I receive’ in Téarmaí Dlí. See the commentary on Articles 8.2, 12.10.4o, 13.1.3o and 27.5.1o where this verb is used respectively in expressing ‘recognise’, ‘adopt’, ‘accept’ and ‘approve’.
Standardised Irish text
Uime sin, ráthaíonn an Stát gan aon dlí a achtú a iarraidh an ceart sin, ná gnáthcheart an duine chun maoin a shannadh agus a thiomnú agus a ghlacadh ina hoidhreacht, a chur ar ceal.
Direct translation
Ráthaíonn an Stát dá réir sin gan dlí ar bith a achtú lena ndéanfar iarracht ar dheireadh a chur leis an gceart ar úinéireacht1 phríobháideach nó leis an gceart ginearálta ar mhaoin a aistriú agus a thíolacadh, agus ar theacht in oidhreacht mhaoine2.
Variants 1 ‘ar sheilbh’ 2 ‘ar mhaoin a aistriú, a thíolacadh, agus teacht ina hoidhreacht’
ARTICLE 43.2.1O AIRTEAGAL 43.2.1O
TÉACS GAEILGE Ach admhaíonn an Stát gur cuí, sa chomhdhaonnacht shibhialta, oibriú na gceart atá luaite sna forálacha sin romhainn den Airteagal seo a rialú de réir bunrialacha an chirt chomhdhaonnaigh.
LITERAL ENGLISH TRANSLATION But the State acknowledges that it is fitting, in civil society, to regulate the operation of the rights which are mentioned in the foregoing provisions of this Article in accordance with the basic rules of the societal justice.
ENGLISH TEXT The State recognises, however, that the exercise of the rights mentioned in the foregoing provisions of this Article ought, in civil society, to be regulated by the principles of social justice.
Divergences between the official texts
1 ‘By the principles of social justice’ is expressed as ‘de réir bunrialacha an chirt chomhdhaonnaigh’ (‘in accordance with the basic rules of societal justice’) in the Irish text; the term expressing ‘social’, ‘comhdhaonnach’, is now less commonly used, and ordinarily ‘social’ is expressed in Irish by ‘sóisialta’/ ‘sóisialach’, as we have already seen. 2 ‘Ought’ is expressed in the Irish text as ‘gur cuí, ‘it is fitting’. 3 ‘Regulate’ is again expressed by ‘rialaigh’, which term is translated as ‘rule’ and ‘control’ in Téarmaí Dlí. 4 ‘Exercise’ is again expressed by the verbal noun of the term translating ‘operate’ in Téarmaí Dlí, ‘oibrigh’. 5 ‘Recognises’ is again expressed in the Irish text by the same term which expresses ‘acknowledges’ in the previous section. 6 ‘However’ is again expressed as ‘Ach’, ‘But’, in the Irish text.
Commentary
de réir bunrialacha an chirt chomhdhaonnaigh According to the official standard, ‘bunrialacha’ would be lenited, the form of the nominative being in place of the genitive (after the prepositional phrase ‘de réir’) before the definite noun ‘ceart’ (preceded by the article) – see the commentary on Article 1. As regards ‘chomhdhaonnaigh’ see the commentary on ‘chomhdhaonnacht’ below. ‘Bunriail’ is translated as ‘fundamental rule’ in Ó Dónaill, being a compound of ‘bun’ and ‘riail’, the prefix ‘bun-’ being translated primarily as ‘basic, primary, elementary’ in Ó Dónaill and ‘riail’ as ‘rule’.Ó Dónaill ’s entry s.v. ‘riail’, reads as follows:
Rule. 1. Regulation, principle … De réir na rialacha, in accordance with the rules.
‘Bun-’ is translated as ‘principal, basal, foot-; middling, fairly’ in Dinneen, who translates ‘riaghail’ as ‘a rule, law or regulation; rule, government, direction or jurisdiction; a religious rule, discipline, a religion; a system or dispensation’, citing ‘ba riaghail ag flaithibh bheith, 7c., it was the custom of nobles to be, etc.’ Old Irish ‘ríagal’ is translated as ‘a rule (whether prescription, law, tradition or cutsom)’ in DIL, ‘ríagal’ being used in a less definite and legal sense than ‘dliged’ (Modern Irish ‘dlí’) – see further the commentary on Article 6.1. ‘Bunriail’ expressing ‘principle’ echoes ‘bunreacht’ (‘constitution’), literally ‘basic statute’. Turning to ‘principle’, ‘bunphrionsabal’ is translated as ‘first principle’ in Ó Dónaill, whose entry s.v. ‘prionsabal’, is as follows:
Principle. 1. Fundamental truth, general law … 2. Moral principles.
A study of the Irish text Staidéar ar an téacs Gaeilge 625
While Dinneen cites the adjective ‘prionnsapálta’ (‘principal’) from Donlevy’s Irish Catechism, 1742, he does not appear to have the headword ‘prionsabal’. ‘Prinsipail’ is an English loanword, according to DIL, where it is translated as (a) ‘principal, capital sum (of money)’ and (b) ‘principle, rule of conduct’ citing ‘as d’ar gceudphrinsiopaluibh, nach eidir …’ from Molloy’s Lucerna Fidelium, 1676. Note that ‘Directive Principles’ is expressed as ‘Buntreoracha’ in the heading for Article 45 – see the commentary on that Article regarding translations of ‘principle’. ‘Ceart’ is translated as ‘right’ in Téarmaí Dlí, where ‘ceartas aiceanta’ and ‘iomrall ceartais’ are translated respectively as ‘natural justice’ and ‘miscarriage of justice’. Ó Dónaill’s entry s.v. ‘ceart’, is as follows:
Right. 1(a) What is morally just. Ceart agus éigeart, right and wrong … Má tá ceart le fáil, if there is justice in the world; if one might expect justice. I láthair an chirt, where justice is meted out; in a court of justice.
‘Ceartas’ is translated in Ó Dónaill as ‘justice’, following the abbreviation for ‘Philosophy’. ‘Ceart’ is translated as ‘right, justice, equity; claim; correct manner, the proper thing; a charge or duty; due or usual amount of anything’ in Dinneen, who cites ‘deinim ceart dó, I see that justice is done to’. ‘Ceartas’ is translated as ‘equity, justice, law; what is right, what is justly due’, in Dinneen, who cites ‘dár cheartas ríoghacht Mumhan, to whom the throne of Munster justly belonged’, from the poetry of Aodhagán Ua Rathaille (1670-1726). The earliest example of ‘certus’ cited in DIL comes from the Martyrology of Úa Gormáin, composed within the period 1166-1174, this headword being translated as ‘justice, propriety; exactitude, accuracy’ in DIL. It is based on ‘cert’, which itself comes from Latin ‘certus’, examples of the adjective in the sense of ‘correct, right, proper, fitting’ being cited in DIL from the Milan Glosses of the ninth century onwards. DIL translates ‘cert’, as a noun, as ‘the right, what is proper, correctness’, but also gives examples of the quasi-legal sense of ‘right, claim, entitlement’ (‘Lebor na Cert’ being the title of a Middle Irish tract on rights and privileges of kings), along with examples of the sense of ‘justice, fair dealing’. Fergus Kelly, op. cit., p. 306, translates ‘cert’ as ‘justice, right, entitlement’, citing ‘ar dofet a cert certaib’ (‘for) the rights [of the insane] take precedence over other rights’) from an early Irish law-tract. ‘Di Astud Chirt 7 Dligid’ (‘On the Confirmation of Right and Law’) is the late title of a long early Irish legal text containing a wide variety of legal matter. Note that ‘the Department of Justice’ is styled ‘an Roinn Dlí agus Cirt’ in Irish. See the commentary on Articles 29.1 (where ‘justice’ is expressed as ‘cothrom’) and 38.3.1o regarding ‘justice’. Regarding ‘social justice’ in the Acts, ‘and for regulating in accordance with the principles of social justice the exercise of private rights in respect of minerals’ is translated as ‘agus chun feidhmiú ceart príobháideach i ndáil le mianraí a rialáil de réir prionsabal ceartais sóisialaigh’ in the Long Title of the Minerals Development Act, 1979. In s(k) of the Third Schedule to the Restrictive Practices Act, 1972, ‘in any other respect operate against the common good or are not in accordance with the principles of social justice’ is translated as ‘atá in aon slí eile in aghaidh leasa an phobail nó ar neamhréir le prionsabail an cheartais shóisialaigh’, this same English text being translated as ‘atá, in aon tslí eile, in aghaidh leasa an phobail nó ar
neamhréir le buntreora an cheartais chomhdhaonnaigh’ in s(k) of the Second Schedule to the Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1953.
sa chomhdhaonnacht shibhialta See the commentary on Article 41.1.1o regarding ‘comhdhaonnacht’ in the Constitution, ‘comhdhaonnach’ being translated as ‘social, companionable’ in Ó Dónaill, who does not appear to give ‘comhdhaonnacht’, Dinneen citing neither adjective nor noun – see further the commentary on Article 15.3.1o. The definite article is regularly used with abstract nouns in Irish where no such article exists in English – e.g., ‘in politics’, ‘sa pholaitíocht’. ‘Sibhialta’ is translated as ‘civil’ in Téarmaí Dlí and in Ó Dónaill; DIL gives two citations of ‘síbíalta’ from O’Molloy’s Lucerna Fidelium, 1676 – see the commentary on Articles 34.3.1o and 38.4.2o. Note incidentally that ‘sibhialta’ translates both ‘civil’ and ‘civilized’. ‘And condemned by the civilized world’ is translated as ‘agus go bhfuil sé daortha ag an saol sibhialta’ in the Preamble to the Genocide Act, 1973, with ‘affording all the judicial guarantees which are recognised as indispensable by civilised peoples’ being translated as ‘maille le gach ráthaíocht bhreithiúnach a n-aithníonn pobail shibhialta gur den riachtanas í’ in s1(d) of Article 3 of the First Schedule to the Geneva Conventions Act, 1963.
gur cuí ‘Mionnscríbhinn fhorghníomhaithe chuí’ agus ‘sealbhóir i gcúrsa cuí’ are translated respectively as ‘affidavit of due execution’ and ‘holder in due course’ in Téarmaí Dlí, where ‘comaoin chuí’ is translated as ‘good consideration’. Ó Dónaill translates ‘cuí’ as ‘fitting, proper’, citing ‘is cuí agus is cóir sin, it is right and proper’. Dinneen translates ‘cuibhe’ as ‘proper, becoming, fit, seemly’, citing ‘mar is cuibhe, as is becoming’. DIL cites ‘cobaid’ from the early ninth-century Milan Glosses on the Commentary on the Psalms s.v. ‘cubaid’, which headword is translated as (a) ‘harmonious, in accord, agreeing’ and (b) ‘fitting, meet, becoming; proper, right’, citing ‘ro bud cubuidh …’ (‘would be meet’) from an early Irish law-tract. According to Rudolf Thurneysen, Grammar of Old Irish (pp. 81, 219 and 503), ‘cubaid’ (‘rhyming, harmonious’) is a compound of ‘com’ (‘with’) + ‘fid’ (‘letter [of the alphabet]’). See further the commentary on the Preamble and see the commentary on Articles 42.4 and 42.5 for examples of ‘cuí’ expressing ‘due’.
oibriú See the commentary on Article 3; ‘oibrím’ is translated as ‘I operate’ in Téarmaí Dlí, but usually expresses ‘exercise’ in the Constitution, that verb being translated as ‘feidhmigh’ in Téarmaí Dlí.
a rialú See the commentary on Articles 10.3 and 12.5; ‘rialaím’ is translated as ‘I control, I rule’ in Téarmaí Dlí but regularly expresses ‘regulate’ in the Constitution, that verb being generally translated as ‘rialáil’ in the Acts.
Standardised Irish text
Ach admhaíonn an Stát gur cuí, sa chomhdhaonnacht shibhialta, oibriú na gceart atá luaite sna forálacha sin romhainn den Airteagal seo a rialú de réir bhunrialacha an chirt chomhdhaonnaigh.
626 The Constitution of Ireland Bunreacht na hÉireann
Direct translation
Aithníonn an Stát, áfach, gur chóir, sa tsochaí shibhialta, feidhmiú1 na gceart atá luaite sna forálacha sin roimhe seo den Airteagal seo a rialáil le prionsabail2 an cheartais shóisialaigh.
Variants 1 ‘go ndéanfaí feidhmiú’ 2 ‘de réir phrionsabail’
ARTICLE 43.2.2O AIRTEAGAL 43.2.2O
TÉACS GAEILGE Uime sin, tig leis an Stát, de réir mar a bheas riachtanach, teorainn a chur le hoibriú na gceart réamhráite d’fhonn an t-oibriú sin agus leas an phobail a thabhairt dá chéile.
LITERAL ENGLISH TRANSLATION For that reason, the State may, as will be necessary, put a limit to the operation of the aforementioned rights in order to bring together that operation and the welfare of the people.
ENGLISH TEXT The State, accordingly, may as occasion requires delimit by law the exercise of the said rights with a view to reconciling their exercise with the exigencies of the common good.
Divergences between the official texts
1 ‘By law’, in ‘delimit by law’, is not specifically expressed in the Irish text, where ‘delimit by law’ is expressed simply as ‘teorainn a chur le’ (‘put a limit to’). 2 ‘The exigencies of the common good’ is expressed as ‘leas an phobail’ (‘the welfare of the people’) in the Irish text, the phrase ‘leas an phobail’ consistently expressing ‘the common good’ in the Constitution, which phrase is translated as ‘an mhaitheas phoiblí’ in Téarmaí Dlí. 3 ‘Of the said rights’ is expressed as ‘na gceart réamhráite’ (‘of the aforementioned rights’) in the Irish text. 4 ‘Their exercise’ is expressed as ‘an t-oibriú sin’, ‘that exercise’, in the Irish text. 5 ‘May’ is expressed as ‘tig le’ (‘can’) in the Irish text, as we have seen in some other Articles. 6 ‘Accordingly’ is expressed in the Irish text as ‘Uime sin’, ‘For that reason’, as in the foregoing section.
As we saw in the commentary on Article 43.1.1o, J.M. Kelly, op. cit., p. 209, reports as follows on reference made to this Article in the courts:
In Central Dublin Development Association Ltd. v Attorney General ([1975] 109 ILTR 69) Kenny J said, in regard to both Article 43.1.1 and Article 43.2.2, that “while there may not be a conflict” between the Irish and English versions, the English version seemed to him “to be a most unhappy attempt to reproduce the meaning of that in Irish”:
‘The phrase “de cheart nádúrtha aige maoin shaolta
a bheith aige dá chuid féin go príobháideach” … means, I think, “a natural right to his own private share of worldly wealth” and not “the natural right to the private ownership of external goods”… Another source of confusion in the English text is the use in Article 43.2.2 of the word “delimit”. The Irish phrase is “teorainn a chur” which would, I think, be more accurately translated as “restrict”. In Professor de Bhaldraithe’s standard English-Irish dictionary, the Irish equivalent of “restrict” is given as “cuirim teorainn le”.’
As we saw, J.M. Kelly remarks on the reference above to the English version being an attempt to reproduce the Irish that ‘in view of the history of the Irish version, this phrase of Kenny J seems to be a mere judicial politeness’.
Commentary
teorainn This headword is translated as ‘limit’ in Téarmaí Dlí, where the verb ‘teorainním’, ‘I limit’, is also given as a headword. Ó Dónaill translates ‘teorainn a chur le’ as ‘to demarcate (tailte, lands); to limit, restrict (rud, something)’ and Dinneen translates ‘cuirim teorainn le’ as ‘I bound, limit, restrict’. DIL cites examples of ‘tórann’, verbal noun of ‘do-foirndea’ (*to-fo-rind-), from the Milan Glosses of the ninth century onwards, translating that headword as 1(a) ‘act of marking out, delimiting’, (b) ‘share, division’, (c) ‘boundary, limit’, (d) ‘confines, territory’, II (a) ‘act of representing, denoting, signifying’, (b) ‘sign, figure’ – see the commentary on Article 2 where ‘farraigí teorann’ expresses ‘territorial seas’. ‘When prescribing the persons or classes of persons by whom returns are to be made … the Minister may define or delimit such persons or classes of persons’ is translated as ‘Nuair a bheidh an tAire á ordú cadiad na daoine no na haicmí daoine a thabharfidh cuntaisí no eolas uathu fén Acht so, féadfa sé na daoine no na haicmí daoine sin do luadh no do dheighilt amach’ in s16(2) of the Statistics Act, 1926. In s47(2) of the Court Officers Act, 1926, ‘the District Court shall be held for the purpose of transacting for such district court area the business for the transaction of which such area was delimited’ is translated as ‘(ar a) ndéanfar an Chúirt Dúithche do chomóra chun an gnó dar teorannuíodh an líomatáitse cúirte dúithche sin do dhéanamh don líomatáiste sin’. ‘Define the functions of such joint committee and, where appropriate, delimit the respective functions of such joint committee’ is translated as ‘míneofar feidhmeanna an chó-choiste sin agus, i ngach cás ina mbeidh san oiriúnach, leagfar amach feidhmeanna fé seach an chó-choiste sin’ in s12(2)(b) of the Public Assistance Act, 1939, the same English text (with ‘the’ replacing ‘such’) being translated as ‘míneo sé feadhma an chomhúdaráis agus, más cuibhe, leagfaidh amach feadhma an chomhúdaráis’ in s98(2)(b) of the Mental Treatment Act, 1945. ‘Situate in such area as the Board thinks proper and specifies or delimits in or by such rules’ is translated as ‘agus a bheidh sa líomatáiste sin is dóich leis an mBord is ceart agus a luadhfaid no go luadhfaid a theoranta sna rialacha san’ in s46(2)(b)(ii) of the Shops (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1938. In s41(2) of the Companies (Amendment) Act, 1986, ‘“market” means a market delimited in a geographical manner’ is translated as ‘ciallaíonn “margadh” margadh a bhfuil a theorainneacha socraithe ar mhodh geografach’.
A study of the Irish text Staidéar ar an téacs Gaeilge 627
a thabhairt dá chéile Ó Dónaill cites ‘Níl an tuairisc sin ag teacht le chéile, that report is not consistent’ s.v. ‘tar’, and ‘Ní théann an dá rud le chéile go rómhaith, the two things don’t agree very well’ s.v. ‘téigh’, with Dinneen, s.v. ‘céile’, translating ‘bheirim dá rud dá chéile’ as ‘I reconcile two things’. We have seen in the commentary on the amended Article 41.3.2o (where ‘comhréiteach’ renders ‘reconciliation’) how ‘deifríocht a thabhairt dá chéile’ is cited in the Oireachtas Dictionary of Official Terms as translating ‘to reconcile difference of calculation’ in translations for Oifig an Phuist. ‘For regulating in accordance with the principles of social justice the exercise of private rights in respect of minerals with a view to reconciling their exercise with the exigencies of the common good’ is translated as ‘chun feidhmiú ceart príobháideach i ndáil le mianraí a rialáil de réir prionsabal ceartais sóisialaigh d’fhonn a bhfeidhmiú a chur ar comhréir le riachtanais an leasa choitinn’ in the Long Title of the Minerals Development Act, 1979. ‘Recognising that it is necessary to reconcile the fundamental values of the respect for privacy and the free flow of information between peoples’ is translated as ‘Á aithint dóibh gur gá comhréiteach a dhéanamh idir na luachanna bunúsacha a bhaineann le hurraim don phríobháideacht agus an saorshreabhadh faisnéise idir daoine’ in the Preamble to the First Schedule to the Data Protection Act, 1988. Commenting on ‘a chur ar comhréir le chéile’ in the direct translation below, Professor Máirtín Ó Murchú recommends ‘a thabhairt i gcomhréir le chéile’.
a bheas riachtanach ‘Bheas’ is the special form of the relative of the substantive verb, future tense – see the commentary on Article 6.1 regarding the special form of the relative in ‘-s’. See the commentary on Article 41.1.2o regarding ‘riachtanach’. As regards ‘as occasion requires’, ‘The Official Censor may, as occasion requires, amend or delete an entry in the register’ is translated as ‘Féadfaidh an Scrúdóir Oifigiúil, de réir riachtanais na hócáide, iontráil sa chlár a leasú nó a scriosadh’ in s14(2) of the Video Recordings Act, 1989, with ‘de réir riachtanas na hócáide’ translating ‘as occasion requires’ in s14(4) of the Transport (Re-organisation of Córas Iompair Éireann) Act, 1986. Finally, in s12(1) of the Interpretation Act, 1923, ‘and the duty shall be performed from time to time as occasion requires’ is translated as ‘agus déanfar an dualgas o am go ham fé mar is gá’.
leas an phobail See the commentary on Article 6.1. ‘And is satisfied that the exigencies of the common good so warrant’ is translated as ‘agus gur deimhin léi gur gá sin ar mhaithe le leas an phobail’ in s24(5) of the Data Protection Act, 1988. ‘That the Government are of opinion that the exigencies of the common good necessitate the control by the Minister on behalf of the State of the supply and distribution of fuels’ is translated as ‘gur dóigh leis an Rialtas gur gá, ar mhaithe le leas an phobail, go rialóidh an tAire thar ceann na Stáit soláthar agus imdháil breoslaí’ in s2(4)(a) of the Fuels (Control of Supplies) Act, 1971. In s92(4)(a) of the Defence Forces (Temporary Provisions) Act, 1923, ‘having due regard to the military exigencies and the public service’ is translated as ‘má tugtar aire chuibhe do riachtanaisí mileata agus don tseirbhís phuiblí’, with ‘riachtanaisí an cháis’ translating ‘exigencies of the
case’ in the Seanad Order Paper of 1925, p. 101. Finally, ‘gá’ is cited in the Oireachtas Dictionary of Official Terms as translating ‘exigencies’ in a 1928 Report of the Public Accounts Committee.
tig leis Literally ‘can’, one of the ways ‘may’ of the English text is expressed in the Irish text – see the commentary on Article 12.4.4o.
le hoibriú … an t-oibriú See the commentary on the foregoing subsection.
Standardised Irish text
Uime sin, tig leis an Stát, de réir mar a bheidh riachtanach, teorainn a chur le hoibriú na gceart réamhráite d’fhonn an t-oibriú sin agus leas an phobail a thabhairt dá chéile.
Direct translation
Féadfaidh an Stát, dá réir sin, de réir riachtanais na hócáide, feidhmiú na gceart a dúradh a theorannú le dlí d’fhonn a bhfeidhmiú agus riachtanais na maitheasa poiblí1 a chur ar comhréir le chéile2.
Variants 1 ‘leas an phobail’ 2 ‘a thabhairt i gcomhréir le chéile’, ‘d’fhonn comhréiteach a dhéanamh idir a bhfeidhmiú agus riachtanais na maitheasa poiblí’
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You wait 8 years for a first post and you use it to resurrect a zombie thread with that unreadable wall of text?0
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@Pa8301..What business is of your what I do..the fact you cant read the above is not my problem so I kindly ask you to wind your neck in brother and stop trolling...Have a good Day0
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‘Dwelling’ is expressed as ‘ionad cónaithe’, ‘dwellingplace / place of residence’, in the Irish text.0
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It means your house.
Simples
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Administrators, Entertainment Moderators, Social & Fun Moderators, Society & Culture Moderators Posts: 18,726 Admin ✭✭✭✭✭
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I've moved the last few posts from the wall-o'-text (TM) onwards from another thread. The other thread was 7 years old and about the legal definition of "dwelling".0 -
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Administrators, Entertainment Moderators, Social & Fun Moderators, Society & Culture Moderators Posts: 18,726 Admin ✭✭✭✭✭ Join Date:Posts: 17366
Moderator: Don't quote the wall-o'-text (TM).0 -
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Administrators, Entertainment Moderators, Social & Fun Moderators, Society & Culture Moderators Posts: 18,726 Admin ✭✭✭✭✭ Join Date:Posts: 17366
I can tell you as someone on a phone that it's a particularly unfunny joke.0 -
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charlie1974 wrote: »@Pa8301..What business is of your what I do..the fact you cant read the above is not my problem so I kindly ask you to wind your neck in brother and stop trolling...Have a good Day
Is there an actual point you're trying to make with the wall of text?
A specific (mis)interpretation maybe?
An opinion?
Something you'd like to share?0
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