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** LC BIOLOGY 2014 - Before and after discussion **
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Anyone have any tips of how to learn off Respiration? it's the only chapter I get very stuck on, I think it's to do with ATP and NADP & light/dark stages?
I think firstly it's important to recognise the differences between photosynthesis and Respiration. There in no light/dark stage in respiration and NADP+ is the carrier in photosynthesis. NAD+ is the one for respiration.
I'd say use the diagrams and know the steps involved in each stage. Or just practice with exam q's as they are very repetitive
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Hollister11 wrote: »how do you have all day tomorrow off ?
Maths paper 2
I'm a repeat don't do English , Irish or maths 0 -
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Anyone have any tips of how to learn off Respiration? it's the only chapter I get very stuck on, I think it's to do with ATP and NADP & light/dark stages?
Ok well firstly, NADP and light/dark stages are Photosynthesis!
Quick trick for remembering the electron/hydrogen carriers:
In Respiration its NAD
In Photosynthesis its NADP
In respiration NAD combines with electrons and protons/hydrogen (Protons are essentially hydrogen) to form NADH
ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) combines with a Phosphate to form a high energy bond and the molecule ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
So, in respiration NAD/NADH is said to be a hydrogen/electron (and energy) carrier, and ADP/ATP is an energy carrier
Basic breakdown of respiration would be:
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
The main molecules are Glucose -> Pyruvate -> Acetyl CoA -> CO2
Learn the products, location and output of each stage and you should be set 0 -
little sis... wrote: »I think firstly it's important to recognise the differences between photosynthesis and Respiration. There in no light/dark stage in respiration and NADP+ is the carrier in photosynthesis. NAD+ is the one for respiration.
I'd say use the diagrams and know the steps involved in each stage. Or just practice with exam q's as they are very repetitive
Wow really? my teacher sort of threw the whole lot in together, and we never got exam papers.
my teacher sucks. every year before us has said it, not making excuses but yeah.. would I be okay learning units 1 & 2 ? I have unit 1 learned and plan on starting unit 2 today0 -
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Ok well firstly, NADP and light/dark stages are Photosynthesis!
Quick trick for remembering the electron/hydrogen carriers:
In Respiration its NAD
In Photosynthesis its NADP
In respiration NAD combines with electrons and protons/hydrogen (Protons are essentially hydrogen) to form NADH
ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) combines with a Phosphate to form a high energy bond and the molecule ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
So, in respiration NAD/NADH is said to be a hydrogen/electron (and energy) carrier, and ADP/ATP is an energy carrier
Basic breakdown of respiration would be:
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
The main molecules are Glucose -> Pyruvate -> Acetyl CoA -> CO2
Learn the products, location and output of each stage and you should be set
Thank you! explained it perfectly it's starting to make sense already 
we have the really old thick textbook and it's kinda bad for these chapters! a lot of stuff in it that doesn't really need to be known. 0 -
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Thank you! explained it perfectly it's starting to make sense already we have the really old thick textbook and it's kinda bad for these chapters! a lot of stuff in it that doesn't really need to be known.
Biology is my best subject so if you want me to go into more detail about anything I'm happy to help, good revision for me too :rolleyes:0 -
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Biology is my best subject so if you want me to go into more detail about anything I'm happy to help, good revision for me too :rolleyes:
It used to be my best subject, got 34% in the pre's so now I'm beginning to think otherwise
we've only covered 4 experiments this year, 4!! enzymes are a b**** 0 -
Biology is my best subject so if you want me to go into more detail about anything I'm happy to help, good revision for me too :rolleyes:
Could you try explain the enzyme immobilisation experiment? I can never remember anything for that - only if that's something you feel like revising though! 0 -
Could you try explain the enzyme immobilisation experiment? I can never remember anything for that - only if that's something you feel like revising though!
Ok
So basically the point of it is to fix the enzyme in an inert material, gel or to eachother in order to allow the product to be purified easier and to allow the enzymes to be reused.
The main parts to remember are:
Sodium Alginate - This is the substance you mix the enzyme with as a liquid, it's what forms the gel
Calcium Chloride - This hardens the 'blobs' of sodium alginate+enzyme into solid beads
The enzyme (that I used anyway) is yeast, which acts on sucrose to form glucose
So the reaction that this immobilised yeast carries out when being used is Sucrose ---> Glucose
You mix the yeast and sodium alginate, and use a syringe to pump a steady stream of the mix into the calcium chloride, where the beads harden.
Stir the beads to prevent them sticking to each other.
Rinse with distilled water to remove any excess calcium chloride.0 -
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peanut.lover22 wrote: »Can anyone tell me about the lymph system? I was sick when it was covered in class and need a crash course in it please!!!!
Ok so basically the lymphatic system (I) absorbs and transports fats in digestive system (ii) it collects and returns tissue fluid to the blood to subclavian vein via thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct (iii) it fights infections by filtering out harmful micro organisms, maturing and storing lymphocytes and engulfing micro organisms and producing antibodies via white blood cells . That's basically it but there's more detail as to how lymph is made etc0 -
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