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They probably died from sand colic. A friend lost a mare with it years ago. She had it on livery in a yard that weren't great with grass management and the place was eaten bare. It's common enough when horses are forced to graze down to the butt.Lady Haywire wrote: »Was it the nitrites in the roots that caused it? I remember reading something about horses dying by eating grass near to railway lines which had been loose soil. And something in the roots had poisoned them.
Really feel for him though, what a kick in the teeth
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Join Date:Posts: 8793
Unfortunate news for that lad that lost 11 cattle to nitrate poisoning.
From agriland.ie:Oliver noted that the field the cattle were grazing was reseeded this year and that it was supposed to be cut for silage. But the crop never really took off, so the decision was taken to graze the field.The Kilkenny beef farmer explained that as they were eating the grass, they were pulling the whole plant out of the ground and the lab results found gravel in the abomasum.
What is nitrate/nitrite poisoning?
During periods of drought, the amount of nitrate in the soil can increase greatly because of:
• a lack of leaching;
• reduced nitrate uptake by plants;
• decomposition of organic matter.
When a drought breaks, nitrate uptake by plants may be high, especially in the first week after rain. If hungry animals are allowed free access to such plants, stock losses from nitrate/nitrite poisoning may be disastrous.
Plants:
Certain weeds, various root crops, cereal hays, and even immature cereal crops can also cause these poisonings. More than 80 specific plants are known to cause nitrate/nitrite poisoning. Some of these plants are listed in Table 1.
Plant factors
Under certain soil and environment conditions, plants can contain high levels of nitrates.
Factors that facilitate uptake of nitrate by plants include:
• use of nitrogen-containing fertilisers;
• low soil sulphur and molybdenum;
• areas where stock have congregated
and urinated/defaecated (e.g. yards).
Factors which cause nitrate to accumulate in the plant include:
• drought;
• cloudy or cold weather;
• herbicide application – especially
phenoxy herbicides such as 2,4-D;
• wilting.
The amount of nitrate in plant tissues also depends on:
• plant species;
• stage of maturity;
• part of the plant.
Nitrate concentrations are usually higher in young plants and decrease as plants mature. Most of the plant nitrate is also located in the bottom third of the stalk, hence the leaves contain less nitrate and the flowers or grain contain little to no nitrate.
Hay and silage
Hays made from cereal crops, especially those grown under drought conditions
and cut while ‘sappy’, can develop toxic nitrite levels when they heat up. Oaten hay is particularly risky and becomes poisonous if previously dry hay is dampened by rain or snow some time before feeding out.
Hays made from nitrate-rich materials contain almost as much nitrate as when
first made, unless some is converted to nitrite by heating or mould.
Silage contains less nitrate than its parent crop due to the fermentation process that it undergoes. Forages high in nitrate can lose 40%–60% of their nitrate content during fermentation.
Water
Water can contain toxic levels of nitrates. High-risk sources include:
• water from deep wells fed by soil
water from highly fertile soils;
• condensed water from ventilating
shafts in piggeries where there are
high ammonia levels in the air;
• fluids draining from silos containing
materials rich in nitrates.
Water contaminated by fertiliser, animal wastes or decaying organic matter may also be a source of toxic levels of nitrate.
Marginally toxic levels of nitrate in water, combined with marginally toxic levels of nitrate in feed, can also lead to poisoning.
Hungry stock
Hungry stock are at far greater risk than animals receiving regular and good
fodder. This is because hungry stock consume more toxic feed, and, in the case of ruminants, their rumen microbes will not have had time to adapt to converting the nitrite to ammonia. For example, it takes about twice as much nitrate to kill a ruminant when the nitrate comes from forages that are eaten over a long period of time, compared to that which is consumed very quickly.
Ruminant animals receiving carbohydrate rich fodders tolerate high nitrate and
nitrite levels better than those that are not. This is because energy from carbohydrates (grain) helps rumen microbes convert nitrite to ammonia.
Animals that are stressed or in poor health or condition will also be more susceptible to nitrate/nitrite poisoning.
Adaptation or acquaintance
Frequent intake of small amounts of high nitrate feed increases the total amount of nitrate that can be consumed by ruminant animals without adverse effects. This is because rumen microbes are adapted to deal with the increased nitrate content of the feed.
Source: http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/111003/nitrate-and-nitrite-poisoning-in-livestock.pdf
The linked article contains more info on how the poisoning works and on preventative measures, including:
Another option for reducing the risk of nitrate/nitrite poisoning is to harvest and feed high-nitrate forages as silage. This is because nitrate levels are reduced by the fermentation process when feed is ensiled.
Harvest these feed crops at least 7 days after rain or cloudy weather, preferably later in the day.
Harvesting close to maturity is also advised to reduce the risk of nitrate
toxicity (although this means reduced digestibility of the feed).
Raising the cutter head to selectively avoid stalk bases is another method of reducing the risk of poisoning.The aim of argument, or of discussion, should not be victory, but progress. Joseph Joubert
The ultimate purpose of debate is not to produce consensus. It's to promote critical thinking.
Adam Grant
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What make is it?Yeah ill ad them as i go along. Seats were the first thkng to be removed ususlly. Apparently the mower is rare enough
I'm old enough to remember when my Grandad used both implements. As a young child I couldn't be kept away from any aspect of farming (old habits don't die) and the safest place for this 6/7yo girl during the harvest was astride holding onto the hames
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Base price wrote: »What make is it?
I'm old enough to remember when my Grandad used both implements. As a young child I couldn't be kept away from any aspect of farming (old habits don't die) and the safest place for this 6/7yo girl during the harvest was astride holding onto the hames
Both are a pierce. Made in wexford. No plates back then so hard to date. Built sometime between 1890 and 19160 -
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