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2021 Atlantic/Pacific Hurricane Season

1235

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  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 4,417 ✭✭✭PokeHerKing


    Remnants of Ida have caused some biblical flooding in New York. The system that keeps on giving.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 737 ✭✭✭fearruanua


    Hurricane Larry getting stronger. Currently in the mid atlantic



  • Moderators, Society & Culture Moderators Posts: 1,718 Mod ✭✭✭✭star gazer


    Conditions conducive for Hurricane Larry to grow in strength even with allowances for eyewall replacements. Forecast to get to a Category 4 Hurricane. Ida remnants had a big impact on the New York, New Jersey area with large rainfall amounts in tight timeframes. 9 fatalities reported.

    Hurricane Larry Discussion Number   8
    NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL122021
    1100 AM AST Thu Sep 02 2021
    
    Larry continues to gradually become better organized this morning, 
    with a small but cold CDO near the estimated center, and well 
    defined curved bands rotating completely around. 
    Unfortunately, there have not been any recent microwave 
    passes over the center in the last 6-9 hours. However, I 
    did receive a helpful ASCAT-B pass at 1128 UTC which indicated that 
    while the inner core remains quite small, the 34-kt wind radii have 
    expanded dramatically in all quadrants. The most recent Dvorak 
    subjective intensity estimates were both CI 4.0/65 kt from SAB and 
    TAFB. However, the objective intensity estimates from SATCON and 
    ADT are higher, at 70 kt and 77 kt respectively. Thus, the current 
    intensity of Larry was nudged upward to 70 kt for this advisory.
    
    The hurricane's heading has changed little this morning, estimated 
    at 280/15 kt. There also remains little change to the forecast track 
    reasoning. A dominant mid-level ridge is located north of Larry 
    and should maintain the hurricane on a west to west-northwest 
    heading over the next 72 hours. The track guidance is in excellent 
    agreement over this time period. After 72 hours, a bit more track 
    guidance spread begins to take shape, which appears related to the 
    evolution of the the steering ridge orientation. For example, the 
    most recent GFS run begins a more pronounced rightward bend, as the 
    ridge becomes positioned northeast of the tropical cyclone. In 
    contrast, the ECMWF and a number of its left-leaning ensemble 
    members maintain more ridging directly north of Larry, keeping the 
    hurricane on a more leftward track with only a gradual bend to the 
    west-northwest and northwest. These differences notwithstanding, the 
    consensus aids has changed little from the previous forecast cycle, 
    and the NHC forecast track is nearly identical to the previous 
    track. This track lies very close to the HCCA consensus aid, which 
    favors a track solution a bit closer to the ECMWF versus the GFS.
    
    Larry's environmental conditions appear very favorable for 
    additional intensification over the next 60-72 hours. In fact, the 
    primarily forecast challenge relates to how Larry's core structure 
    evolves over the next several days. Right now, the inner-core and 
    hurricane-force wind radii are very small relative to the expanding 
    tropical-storm-force wind field around the storm. Thus, it appears 
    likely that Larry will undergo some form of an eyewall replacement 
    cycle (ERC) in the next 12 to 24 hours, which may slow down the 
    short term intensification rate. However, once this cycle is 
    complete, very light easterly vertical wind shear between 2-8 kt, 
    abundant mid-level moisture, and sufficently warm sea-surface 
    temperatures between 27-28 C should favor steady to rapid 
    intensification. The latest NHC intensity forecast now calls for a 
    peak intensity of 120 kt in roughly 72 hours, which is a faster and 
    slightly higher peak than the prior forecast. Afterwards, the 
    guidance is a bit conflicted. The GFS-based SHIPS continues to 
    suggests low vertical wind shear through the end of the forecast 
    period. However, the ECMWF-based SHIPS shows much higher 
    southwesterly vertical wind shear beginning in 84 hours as Larry 
    also moves into a drier environment. It is also possible additional 
    ERCs may occur in the latter portion of this forecast, resulting in 
    additional intensity fluctuations. For these reasons, the intensity 
    forecast at the end of the period shows some modest weakening. This 
    intensity forecast is a bit higher than the HCCA corrected consensus 
    aid, but remains lower than some of the more aggressive guidance 
    (COAMPS-TC, the experimental HAFS-B).  
    
    FORECAST POSITIONS AND MAX WINDS
    
    INIT  02/1500Z 13.5N  34.2W   70 KT  80 MPH
     12H  03/0000Z 13.8N  36.7W   75 KT  85 MPH
     24H  03/1200Z 14.4N  39.7W   85 KT 100 MPH
     36H  04/0000Z 15.3N  42.6W   95 KT 110 MPH
     48H  04/1200Z 16.5N  45.2W  105 KT 120 MPH
     60H  05/0000Z 17.9N  47.6W  115 KT 130 MPH
     72H  05/1200Z 19.2N  49.7W  120 KT 140 MPH
     96H  06/1200Z 21.8N  53.1W  115 KT 130 MPH
    120H  07/1200Z 24.6N  56.0W  110 KT 125 MPH
    
    $$
    Forecaster Papin
    




  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 4,417 ✭✭✭PokeHerKing


    Current predicted path looking pretty ominous for Bermuda



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 20,377 ✭✭✭✭Rikand


    They might just get a glancing blow. General consensus on tracks at the moment has it curving away. Might end up getting closer to us



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  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8,219 ✭✭✭Gaoth Laidir


    It's been dragging its heels a good bit over the past 24 hours. It had been expected to rapidly intensify by now but it just hasn't been able to organise itself enough yet. Still 80 knots, 981 hPa.




  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8,219 ✭✭✭Gaoth Laidir


    Latest 2-week forecast calls for a quieter period after Larry.

    2021-0902.pdf (colostate.edu)



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8,219 ✭✭✭Gaoth Laidir


    Larry is now 85 knots (Cat 2). Pressure 978 hPa.

    FORECAST POSITIONS AND MAX WINDS
    
    INIT  03/2100Z 15.0N  42.0W   85 KT 100 MPH
     12H  04/0600Z 15.8N  44.1W   95 KT 110 MPH
     24H  04/1800Z 16.9N  46.5W  105 KT 120 MPH
     36H  05/0600Z 18.1N  48.7W  110 KT 125 MPH
     48H  05/1800Z 19.4N  50.8W  120 KT 140 MPH
     60H  06/0600Z 20.7N  52.8W  120 KT 140 MPH
     72H  06/1800Z 21.9N  54.5W  115 KT 130 MPH
     96H  07/1800Z 24.7N  57.6W  115 KT 130 MPH
    120H  08/1800Z 28.7N  60.5W  105 KT 120 MPH
    




  • Moderators, Science, Health & Environment Moderators Posts: 12,053 Mod ✭✭✭✭Meteorite58


    Currently a Cat 2 and forecast to become a Cat 4 in a couple of days and possibly touching Cat 5 before dropping back in strength to about a Cat 2 by +120hrs . NHS saying it is to become a very large Hurricane with a wide wind field and set to produce a large Ocean swell over the next week.







  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8,219 ✭✭✭Gaoth Laidir


    It became 100 knots overnight but has held it there in this morning's update. Marginal ocean heat content is the main limiting factor. Still forecast to peak at 120 kts.



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  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8,219 ✭✭✭Gaoth Laidir


    Up to 125 mph, 958 hPa in the latest update. Some strong convection is active in the southern eyewall, with a hint of mesovortices starting to rotate around the eye.

    HU Larry - Band 8 at 16.8°N - 45.8°W - NOAA / NESDIS / STAR




  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8,219 ✭✭✭Gaoth Laidir


    That convection now seems to be consolidating all the way around the eyewall, so we could see some textbook satellite images later on tonight as the eye circles up more symmetrically.

    Recent water vapour




  • Moderators, Science, Health & Environment Moderators Posts: 12,053 Mod ✭✭✭✭Meteorite58




  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8,219 ✭✭✭Gaoth Laidir


    Leveled off again now, with no intensification since this afternoon. Currently 125 mph, 958 hPa.




  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8,219 ✭✭✭Gaoth Laidir


    Marginal weakening overnight. Now 120 mph, still 958 hPa. A plane yesterday found some southwesterly shear that they hadn't spotted on satellite, which has limited the rate of intensification.




  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 20,377 ✭✭✭✭Rikand




  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8,219 ✭✭✭Gaoth Laidir


    The latest imagery shows that the structure is breaking down from westerly shear and drier air. This may spell the start of the weakening phase of Larry.





  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8,219 ✭✭✭Gaoth Laidir


    The 12Z SHIPS has a drastic drop in SST under Larry in about 2 days' time as it comes off the Gulf Stream up near New Foundland.

    48 hours: 27.6 C

    72 hours: 11.4 °C




  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8,219 ✭✭✭Gaoth Laidir


    Tropical Storm Mindy has just formed but will make landfall in the Florida panhandle overnight.


    Tropical Storm Mindy Discussion Number   1
    NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL132021
    400 PM CDT Wed Sep 08 2021
    
    Through the day, the area of disturbed weather in the northeastern 
    Gulf of Mexico has gradually become better organized on 
    geostationary satellite and Doppler radar imagery. Earlier, a 1515 
    UTC ASCAT-C pass found a number of southwesterly wind retrievals in 
    the 30-kt range on the southeast side of the formative circulation. 
    The ASCAT-C Ambiguities at that time also hinted that a very small 
    closed circulation was trying to develop along the edge of these 
    stronger winds. Since that time, a well-defined circulation become 
    evident on KEVX Doppler-radar with inbound velocities occasionally 
    nearing 40-45 kt to the southeast of the radar center. These 
    Doppler-radar winds have been increasing over the past couple of 
    hours as the center moves closer to the radar and I am reasonably 
    confident this circulation is now surface based. Just in the last 
    hour or so, NOAA buoy 42039 reported a peak 1-minute sustained wind 
    of 35 kt just southeast of the center, confirming the system now has 
    tropical storm force winds. Thus, advisories are being initiated 
    on tropical storm Mindy with maximum sustained wind of 35 kt.
    
    The most recent estimated motion following the center on radar is to 
    the northeast at 050/18 kt. The track guidance is in good agreement 
    that this quick motion should continue with a gentle shift to the 
    east-northeast in the next 24-36 hours as the system is under the 
    influence of a deep-layer mid-latitude trough moving across the 
    eastern United States. On the current heading, the center of 
    Mindy should move inland over the Florida Panhandle in the next 6-12 
    hours and then already be offshore of the southeastern United States 
    by 24 hours. A gradual slowdown is expected thereafter as the 
    cyclone is left behind by this mid-latitude trough and also becomes 
    vertically shallow.
    
    Little intensification is expected prior to landfall, with land 
    interaction resulting in Mindy weakening back to a depression by 24 
    hours. Conditions do not appear favorable for restrengthening off 
    the southeastern United States as shear is forecast to increase 
    above 30 knots in 24 hours. This shear will likely strip away from 
    remaining convection, and both the ECMWF and GFS simulated IR 
    brightness temperatures suggest Mindy should become a remnant low in 
    the day 2-3 period. This remnant low is forecast to open up into a 
    trough shortly thereafter.
    
    Key Messages:
    
    1. Mindy is expected to produce heavy rainfall from the Florida
    Panhandle into southern portions of Georgia and South Carolina
    through Thursday morning. This rainfall may produce isolated to
    scattered flash, urban, and small stream flooding.
    
    2. Tropical storm conditions are expected through tonight in 
    portions of the Florida Panhandle where a Tropical Storm Warning is 
    in effect. 
    
    FORECAST POSITIONS AND MAX WINDS
    
    INIT  08/2100Z 29.0N  86.3W   35 KT  40 MPH
     12H  09/0600Z 30.3N  84.1W   35 KT  40 MPH...INLAND
     24H  09/1800Z 31.3N  80.0W   30 KT  35 MPH...OVER WATER
     36H  10/0600Z 32.3N  75.6W   30 KT  35 MPH
     48H  10/1800Z 32.9N  72.7W   30 KT  35 MPH
     60H  11/0600Z 33.4N  69.6W   25 KT  30 MPH...POST-TROP/REMNT LOW
     72H  11/1800Z 33.3N  68.5W   25 KT  30 MPH...POST-TROP/REMNT LOW
     96H  12/1800Z...DISSIPATED
    




  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 14,568 ✭✭✭✭M.T. Cranium


    Radar for eastern Canada as Larry closes in on southeast Newfoundland overnight, the old radar system where you could click on one site has been replaced by this national mosaic so you need to navigate around a bit to get to the far eastern portion and Larry was in view of the Cape Breton radar earlier here ...

    the current weather at

    This buoy was very close to centre of Larry at 22z ...

    https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/station_page.php?station=44139

    and is the last operational marine site before landfall on the Burin peninsula in about three or four hours.

    Conditions are generally 30-50 km/hr southeast winds and light rain at present time, will report on peak winds later.



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  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8,219 ✭✭✭Gaoth Laidir


    Here's a good link to live observations.

    NWS Weather & Hazards (noaa.gov)



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 14,568 ✭✭✭✭M.T. Cranium


    Have seen a few land obs with gusts (from SSW) to 136 km/hr, some are delayed or missing at this point. Offshore oil platforms to the east of the region had sustained winds of 58 knots at 06z. Radar showed that by landfall near Placentia around 04z, only the northern half of the inner core was still producing rainfall, Larry no doubt extratropical now and already over 150 miles north of St John's.

    Post edited by M.T. Cranium on


  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8,219 ✭✭✭Gaoth Laidir


    Cape Race seems to have had the highest gust of 144 kph as Larry was "racing" through at 41 knots. It should be extratropical by around now and dissipate in the next 24-36 hours.

    We are now right on the climatological peak of the Atlantic season. So far it's been an active one, with 13 named, 5 hurricanes and 3 major, compared to the 1981-2020 averages for this stage of the season of 6.7, 3.0 and 1.3, respectively. ACE is currently 54% above average.

    This time last year we had 18, 7 and 1.




  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8,219 ✭✭✭Gaoth Laidir


    Larry is now post-tropical as it moves up towards Greenland. Overall it gave 10.5 named storm days, 9.25 hurricane days, 4.5 major hurricane days and 32.8 ACE (65% of the total seasonal ACE so far).





  • Moderators, Science, Health & Environment Moderators Posts: 12,053 Mod ✭✭✭✭Meteorite58


    Impressive SST's cooling along the track from upwelling left in Larry's wake.









  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8,219 ✭✭✭Gaoth Laidir


    Yes, it's even clearer on this chart.




  • Moderators, Science, Health & Environment Moderators Posts: 12,053 Mod ✭✭✭✭Meteorite58


    I see reports from meteorologists saying that Larry will bring a good dumping of snow into Greenland, probably not that unusual as moisture laden systems like this run into cold air.






  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8,219 ✭✭✭Gaoth Laidir


    Tropical Storm Nicholas has formed in the SW Gulf of Mexico and will slowly move up along the Mexico/Texas coast over the next few days. The exact track is uncertain at this stage, so small changes could have large differences in conditions on land. Wind probably not a factor but a fair amount of rain along the coast seems likely.

    Tropical Storm Nicholas Discussion Number   1
    NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL142021
    1000 AM CDT Sun Sep 12 2021
    
    Showers and thunderstorms associated with a broad area of low 
    pressure over the southern Bay of Campeche have increased overnight 
    and very recently become better organized with a loose band of 
    convection around the northeastern portion of the circulation. An 
    Air Force Reserve reconnaissance aircraft that has been 
    investigating the system has found 44-kt flight-level winds and 
    SFMR winds that support a 35-kt initial intensity.  Based on the 
    recent increase in organization and the 35-kt initial intensity, 
    advisories are being initiated on Tropical Storm Nicholas, the 
    fourteenth named storm of the Atlantic hurricane season. 
    
    The storm is located within an environment of moderate 
    south-southwesterly vertical wind shear, over warm waters, and in a 
    moist and unstable atmosphere. These conditions should allow gradual 
    strengthening over the next 24 to 48 hours.  The NHC intensity 
    forecast follows suit and calls for gradual strengthening until 
    the system reaches the coast of Texas.  The official wind speed 
    forecast is near the higher end of the guidance in best agreement 
    with the SHIPS statistical guidance, the HFIP corrected consensus, 
    and the HWRF.  In this case, the intensity forecast is highly 
    dependent on eventual track of the system.  A track to the east of 
    the NHC forecast could result in a lower wind shear environment 
    and slightly more time over water for the system to strengthen.  
    Conversely a track to the west of the forecast track would result 
    in the system interacting with land much sooner. 
    
    Since the system is still in its formative stage the initial motion 
    estimate is a somewhat uncertain 330/11 kt.  A north-northwestward 
    motion around the western portion of a mid-level ridge that is 
    sliding east near the coast of the Carolinas, should continue to 
    steer Nicholas in that direction for the next 24 to 48 hours.  
    After that time, steering currents weaken and the cyclone is 
    expected to move slowly north-northeastward between a couple of 
    mid-level ridges located to the east and west of Nicholas.  The 
    track guidance generally agrees with this overall scenario but 
    there is some cross-track spread with the UKMET along the left side 
    of the guidance envelope taking the storm into northeastern Mexico, 
    while the GFS, HWRF, and HMON are along the right side.  The NHC 
    track is near the various consensus models and both the EC and GFS 
    ensemble means.
    
    Key Messages:
    
    1. Tropical storm conditions are expected along portions of the 
    northeastern coast of Mexico and the coast of south Texas 
    beginning on Monday.  Nicholas is forecast to approach the middle 
    Texas coast as a strong tropical storm on Tuesday, and tropical 
    storm conditions are possible along portions of the middle and upper 
    Texas coasts late Monday night and Tuesday. 
    
    2. There is the possibility of life-threatening storm surge along 
    the coast of Texas from the Mouth of the Rio Grande to High Island. 
    Residents in these areas should follow any advice given by local 
    officials. 
    
    3.  Periods of heavy rainfall are expected to impact portions of the 
    Texas and Louisiana coasts today through the middle of the week. 
    Significant rainfall amounts are possible, potentially resulting in 
    areas of flash, urban, and isolated river flooding.
    
    
    FORECAST POSITIONS AND MAX WINDS
    
    INIT  12/1500Z 20.5N  94.8W   35 KT  40 MPH
     12H  13/0000Z 21.9N  95.7W   40 KT  45 MPH
     24H  13/1200Z 24.1N  96.6W   45 KT  50 MPH
     36H  14/0000Z 26.4N  96.9W   50 KT  60 MPH
     48H  14/1200Z 28.2N  96.5W   55 KT  65 MPH
     60H  15/0000Z 29.4N  95.9W   40 KT  45 MPH...INLAND
     72H  15/1200Z 30.3N  95.2W   30 KT  35 MPH...INLAND
     96H  16/1200Z 31.0N  94.8W   25 KT  30 MPH...INLAND
    120H  17/1200Z 32.0N  94.5W   20 KT  25 MPH...POST-TROP/REMNT LOW
    




  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8,219 ✭✭✭Gaoth Laidir


    Nicholas was upgraded to a 65-knot hurricane just before landfall based on a 66-kt sustained wind reported by a station in Matagorda Bay. I haven't been able to find that station, and the highest I can see is 58 knots on an oil platform 24 metres above the sea surface. All other stations are well below that.

    NDBC - Station KBQX Recent Data (noaa.gov)

    Other local stations.

    NWS Weather & Hazards (noaa.gov)



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  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 8,219 ✭✭✭Gaoth Laidir


    Odette has formed off the east coast of the US this evening, though it has some non-tropical characteristics and seems to be already starting extratropical transition.

    Tropical Storm Odette Discussion Number   1
    NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL152021
    500 PM EDT Fri Sep 17 2021
    
    The circulation associated with the area of low pressure off the
    U.S. Mid-Atlantic coast has become better defined today, with a
    new center having developed near a persistent cluster of deep
    convection.  This system has some non-tropical characteristics, with
    a developing frontal boundary draped around the northern and western
    side of the circulation.  Although the convection is being sheared
    off to the northeast of the center, the structure still resembles
    that of a tropical cyclone.  An ASCAT-C pass from a few hours ago
    showed that maximum winds were 30-35 kt to the north of the center,
    thus advisories are being initiated on Tropical Storm Odette with
    35-kt winds.
    
    With the re-formation of the center, the initial motion is
    uncertain but is estimated to be northeastward, or 045/13 kt.
    Odette is embedded between the subtropical ridge over the western
    Atlantic and a deep-layer trough over the U.S. Upper Midwest and
    central Canada.  The approach of this trough should cause Odette to
    accelerate toward the northeast and then east-northeast during the
    next few days.  After about day 3, there is significant divergence
    among the models.  The GFS ejects the system northeastward and
    stalls it over the north Atlantic, south of Greenland.  The ECMWF,
    UKMET, and Canadian models, however, stall the cyclone sooner and
    have it meandering south of Newfoundland on days 4 and 5.  For now,
    the NHC track forecast shows Odette slowing down significantly on
    those days (less than 5 kt on day 5) and is a blend of the TVCA and
    HCCA consensus aids.
    
    Odette's transition to an extratropical cyclone is probably already
    underway.  The storm is also centered over the Gulf Stream, where 
    water temperatures are about 28 degrees Celsius, so in the short 
    term it is likely that a combination of baroclinic and convective 
    forcing will cause some intensification, despite deep-layer shear 
    strengthening to near 30 kt.  The global models suggest that Odette 
    should become fully extratropical by 36 hours, and the intensity 
    models indicate that the post-tropical low should peak in 
    intensity in 48-60 hours.  The low is then likely to occlude by day 
    3, a process which typically leads to gradual weakening, which is 
    indicated in the official forecast.
    
    Odette is expected to affect portions of Newfoundland with strong 
    winds and heavy rainfall Sunday and Sunday night as a 
    post-tropical cyclone.  Please refer to products from Environment 
    Canada for additional information on potential impacts in 
    Newfoundland.
    
    
    FORECAST POSITIONS AND MAX WINDS
    
    INIT  17/2100Z 36.7N  71.8W   35 KT  40 MPH
     12H  18/0600Z 38.3N  69.3W   40 KT  45 MPH
     24H  18/1800Z 39.9N  65.9W   45 KT  50 MPH
     36H  19/0600Z 41.6N  61.7W   50 KT  60 MPH...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP
     48H  19/1800Z 43.6N  57.1W   55 KT  65 MPH...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP
     60H  20/0600Z 45.0N  52.8W   55 KT  65 MPH...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP
     72H  20/1800Z 46.0N  49.5W   50 KT  60 MPH...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP
     96H  21/1800Z 47.0N  47.0W   45 KT  50 MPH...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP
    120H  22/1800Z 47.5N  45.5W   35 KT  40 MPH...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP
    




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