History

exiztone

Davitt has a high chance of coming up.

Anyone want to give a structure on a Davitt essay?

Cannibal Ox

Intro
•Born in Mayo
•Family were poor tenants
•Got evicted, emigrated to England (Lanchasire) at 4
•Worked in a Mill at 9, lost his arm in an accident at 11
•Owner paid for his education, became a journalist

2nd
•Returns to Ireland, joins the IRB
•Was involved in the 1968 (? Is that the right date) failed rebellion, didn't get arrested
•Gets arrested while importing arms
•Butt and Parnell lead a campaign for Amnesty, Davitt gets parole
•HR party had been founded, radicals were "obstructionists" led by Joeseph Biggar, and Parnell
•Davitt wants to ally with them
•In America, tells John Devoy the idea and they both propose the "New Departure" to Parnell
•Parnell refuses to commit himself to it (Church opposition)

3rd
•Goes back to Mayo
•Finds an economic crisis
•Prices have fallen, rents have stayed the same
•Bad weather destroyed 75% of the potato crop
•Result: Tenants face eviction and starvation
•D. finds local Fenians organising resistence
•Joins them, first major one at Irishtown
•Invites Parnell to come speak at Westport, he does and tells tenants to:
"Keep a firm grip on your homesteads"

4th
•Davitt sets up the Land League to fight for the 3Fs, Fair Rent, Fixity of Tenure and ...er...can't remember.
•He offers Parnell the role of Leader as he needs a public face
•Davitt takes the post of secretary
•Most of the other Executive Council Positions are taken by Fenians/IRBer's
•Parnell wanted to use the LL to convince tenants on Home Rule
•Davitt and the Fenians saw it as a way of getting tenenants involved in a revolution
•Ambigous speeches keep both big and small farmers on the Leagues side (can't remember the speech )

4th/5th
•LL doesn't use violence. Not cause Davitt is scared of violence but because it would scare away the more respectable farmers
•Fenians organise mass demonstrations at evictions.
•Anyone who takes a farm is labeled a "land grabber" No on will speak or serve them
•Most famous case = Captian Boycott. Writes to the London Times about his treatment, gains the League huge publicity.

6th
•Gladstone is re-elected PM. Horrifyed at the Leagues power.
•He tries to have Davitt, Parnell and other leaders sent to jail, but the jury in the case doesn't agree
•Passes the 1881 Coericion Act (intern without trial) and the 1881 Land ACt to soften the blow(Land Courts and Fair Rent...you could mention Edward Carson, later Unionist leader, fought for farmers in the Courts just to show some extra info)
•Davitt's parole is revokved, sent back to prison
•While in there the Land Act passes. Parnell is put in prison for verbal attacks on it and Gladstone
•Parnell signs the "No Rent Manifesto", in response Gladstone bans the Land League which was falling apart anyway
•Gladstone's solution doesn't work, violence begins to occur, "Captian Moonlight", and a solution is needed.
•"Kilmainham Treaty" between Gladstone and Parnell. Gladstone agrees to revoke the Coercion Act and reassess the Land Act in return for Parnell putting a stop to the violence. Davitt is freed as part of the agreement
•While in prison, Davitt had begun to drift away from violence and revolution

7th
•Pheonix Park murders. Davitt is horrifyed, immediatley resigns from the IRB.
•His views have changed, he believes in Land Nationalism (explain it) and no longer believes in a violent revolution as a solution to British rule
•Farmers don't like LN, they want to own their own land
•Parnell ignores, Kilmainham Treaty has made him famous and he no longer needs Davitt

8th
•When the O'Shea scandal broke, Davitt was the first prominent Nationalist to condem Parnell.
•Becomes an anti-parnelite MP but hates Westminister and resigns in protest over the Boer War in 1899 (is that the right date?)
•Returns to journalism, spends his last years reporting on the Brit Concentration Camps in S.Africa and the Tzar's pogroms againest Jews in Russia. Dies in 1906.

---

From memory, can't remember all the dates. It needs to be fleshed out a little, but that's my basic essay outline.

Flamingfud

exiztone wrote:

Interparty are Cumann na nGaedheal 1923 - 1932 and Fianna Faíl 1932 - 1938 ish... then you can do the war years too, although I'll probably not do them.

No...no they're not. The Interparty Governments were coalitions of Labour, National Labour, Fine Gael, Clann na Talmhan and Clann Na Poblachta, along with Independants, that ousted deValera from power in 1948-1951 and 1954-1957. The focus is on the 1st time period, which includes the repeal of the External Relations Act, announcement of an Irish Republic by Costello in Easter 1949, domestic issues such as rural electrification, housing, and healthcare, international relations such as the U.N, Nato, and OEEC. Also important is Noel Browne's battle against tuberculosis, and his subsequent Mother-And-Child scheme, and the Church's interference. The second time period needs only a paragraph, mainly about economic issues, and the steps Gerald Sweetman took to improve the Irish economy (extension of IDA remit, appointment of T.K Whitaker as Secretary for Finance.)

A great essay.

Flamingfud

Cannibal Ox wrote:

From memory, can't remember all the dates. It needs to be fleshed out a little, but that's my basic essay outline.

Perfect, but don't forget Davitt's "overthrow of a movement, and enthronement of a man"-(Davitt, The Fall Of Feudalism In Ireland) description of the formation of the National League. Essential for an A1

randomfella

Michael Davitt 1846-1906 His role in the land question

Background
Was to become champion of land reform
Enunciated problems of irish pesants - identified with them (son of evicted peasant)
1852 emigrated to lancashire
industrial accident lost his right arm - age of 11
Unfit for manual work - education
1865 joined irb - regional secetary for north of england
1870 - arrested gun running
1878 released
trip to usa - met john devoy leader of clan na gael
2men planned 'new departure' in fenian policy (fenian take part in constitutional and land politics i.e means to an end)

From new departure to worsening land situation 1879
Failing to get irb president, charles kickham's support
davitt and devoy turned to Parnell
Alliance between davitt - land reformer, parnell - hr agitator, devoy - republican
land situation worsened - bad harvests, bad weather, cheap foriegn imports
=> famine afflicted most parts of the country
Davitt visited native mayo - april 79' gave support to irishtown demonstration
james daly-editor-connaught telegraph - organinser
Solidarity between all classes of people.
significant victory
in westport june davitt and parnell urged tenants "to keep a firm grip on your homesteads"

The land league
Formed october 1879 parnell president
Aims - preserving farmer from being rack rented and unjustly evicted
- making farmers owners of their land - long term
early phase concerned with relieving famine conditions
help came from america - money distributed
Land league placed the cause of irish tenant on a national level
"achieved one of the largest active mass participation of any movement in irish history and as a result harnessed the mass popular support for the land campaign"
Tenants urged to be resolute while league didn't advocate use of force
september 1880 - Captain charles Boycott defied the league moral force and ostracisation

Government Reaction - Coercion and Concilliation
Although english gov knew LL was legal they couldn't let it continue
Feb and march 81' 2 corecion acts introduced empowered dub authorities
Davitt considered to be dangerous - arrested
forseeing this, davitt had formed the ladies land league
april 1881 gladstone introduced 2nd land bill
act granted 3f's
welcomed by all moderates
Davitt believed fixity of tenure meant fixity of landlordism (the act was giving the okay to landlordism by improving conditions in the context of the framework)

The kilmainham treaty - the irish national league 1882
Worse was yet to come.
From prison, parnell issued 'no rent manifesto'
Compromise had to reached - kilmainham treaty march 82'
LEaders to be released and tenants in arrears to be helped in return for an ease in agriarian aggression
davitt believed it to be a betrayal but didn't speak out against it, to keep continuity
Parnell now believed the situation to be solved
irish national league replaced land league
hr was top of agenda
davitt still remained interested in land reform as top priority
Davitt realised that the founding of the national league signalled" the overthrow of a movement, the enthronement of a man"

Land Reform 1882- 1906
Davitt still supported the cause but was a minority voice post 82'
obvious solution was a system where tenants could buy their land
85' ashbourne land act - 5mil loans for land purchase, sum was too small
86' defeat of hr bill - land war entered new phase (plan of campaign 86'-90')
Collective bargaining on individual estates - supported by davitt
91' further 33 mil provided
wyndham act 1903 - 100 mil
davitt lived to see many of his dreams come true
By 1906 tenant proprietorship was a reality
davitt's vision of a socialist ireland long way off
tenant proprietorship didn't mean land nationalisation

Land nationalisation
Davitt advocated land nationalisation (collective ownership)
In so doing, he realised it was simply replacing one elitist group with another
Such a system unfair to small tenants
Davitt argued - land unique commodity belonged to nobody
Should be owned by the state
A vision that was not shared by his many of his fellow countrymen
accounts for declining influence after 82
he campaigned for reform in areas of work, local gov, education and prisons
After gladstones fall, he tried to develop independant labour opposition
he identified struggle of human suffering and oppression

Conclusion
man of courage, moral and physical.
"grand unspoiled soul" - w.p ryan
long and varied career 82 - 89 served as mp
outstanding achievement - land league
a man of ideas who sought to right the wrongs of the poor
outcome of land prob not what he had ultimately hope for
labour movements real and lasting influence had yet to make impact by 1906

exiztone

Thanks Cannibal Ox, that's great

Flamingfud: Damn, I haven't done those in class. We covered economy, security and Anglo/Irish relations from 1922 - 1945ish in class. Nothing after :eek:

shoutman

I haven't done this in school but have heard that it is due to come up.

Anyone got an essay prepared on it or some notes on it or somethin?

cheers


Shoutman :eek:

randomfella

assess the performance of interparty govs.
What would your paragraphs be?

Flamingfud

exiztone wrote:

Thanks Cannibal Ox, that's great

Flamingfud: Damn, I haven't done those in class. We covered economy, security and Anglo/Irish relations from 1922 - 1945ish in class. Nothing after :eek:

Ahh, that would make sense. Instead of doing Cumann Na Gaedhael, we did Interparty. You should check it out, the consensus seems to be it has a mighty chance of coming up.


I don't usually plan paragraphs, but in answer I suppose my paragraphs would be......(remembering to tie each paragraph into the question with sentences like "and this shows how the performance of the IPG's affect the future of the Irish nation" and "the IPG's performance in this regard can only be regarded as unsatisfactory, showing the immense power that the Catholic Church still held within the nation"

1: Introduction - In this essay, I will explore...blah,blah,blah, had many ramifications, blah, blah.

2nd: February 1948 - Conditions for change
A) Economic -Post WW2
Social
C)Allegations of bribery
D)Clann Na Poblachta formation

3rd- Election Victory

• Victory- Disparate coalition.....members
• Costello- Taoiseach, Mulcahy- Minister For Education (due to CW history), Wille Nortion- Tanaiste, Sean MacBride- External Affairs
• Costello makes excellent Taoiseach

4th- External Relations Act
Costello and Norton both dislike Act. MacBride has promised to repeal it during election campaign. September- Costello announces intention. Easter 1949- Republic declared. British pass Ireland Act. (Also mention Nato, refused bi-lateral treaty, Un, and OEEC+Council of Europe

5th- Domestic Issues

• Rural Electrification
• Housing
• Healthcare

6th- Mother And Child scheme, Noel Browne
Explain scheme,include ill-communication between cabinet, opposition by Church and doctors......March 1951, Browne given no backing by Cabinet. 11 April, forced to resign. This and other factors combine to force election....coalition falls from power.

7th- Coalition of 1954
Same, without Clann Na Poblachta....supported unofficially in most cases though. Economic issues, Gerald Sweetman, T.K Whitaker, IDA, etc

8th- Conclusion

BraveheartGal

shoutman wrote:

I haven't done this in school but have heard that it is due to come up.

Anyone got an essay prepared on it or some notes on it or somethin?

cheers


Shoutman :eek:

ditto!!!really need one! jus cant get my head around it!

Cannibal Ox

If you've got the dictators covered, you won't *fingers crossed* even need to bother with the Spanish Civil War. Just know your dictators inside out and you should be covered.

Perfect, but don't forget Davitt's "overthrow of a movement, and enthronement of a man"-(Davitt, The Fall Of Feudalism In Ireland) description of the formation of the National League. Essential for an A1

Cheers! I'll make sure to throw that in.

daxon

I AM SO FRECKIN SCREWED

I HAVE NO SPECIAL STUDY

I HAVE ONE THAT WON'T DO. Its about THE DROPPING OF THE ATOM BOMB ON HIROSHIMA
this did end world war one.its in our EUROPEAN book.
but my teacher says im not aloud to use it.
Anyone know if hiroshima and the atom bomb are on the syllabus??
If so i can use the great essay i did and wasted.......

But i worte the special study on english paper one. on a recent history event essay part 1


I am only starting to revise. the history course

Only have france 3rd republic and problems on N.I.

Innervision

A girl in my class is doing something about Hiroshima, nothing was said about it not being allowed...

segadreamcast

BraveheartGal wrote:

theyre both 3 years long...?

It was unimportasnt though - first was fairly revolutionary, second was almost a complacent government - nothing dramatic or, indeed, interesting about it. Their chronological length doesn't dictate the amount of attention that should be paid to it, the historical relevance does.

vote4pedro

I don't think Hiroshima would be allowed. It's a US/Japanese topic, not related to European history really. If you were writing about an Irish/British/German scientist who worked on the design of the bomb it might be a different story, but I really doubt you can write on just the Bombing itself. Sorry

daxon

its not about the event its about the backround to why they did it. i
e-mailed the examiners help on examinations.ie .hope i get a reply soon

Lynibeth

I'm so scr*wed for this exam!!! I don't know the history at all... won't go into my head!! Hoping to scrape a pass with my research topic and a combination at the attempts on the rest!

*cries frantically whilst rocking back and forth* GRRRRRR

BraveheartGal

i havent even learned off my special study topic yet



never mind other essays
and what am i doin?
am i pacing the floor barefoot reciting the causes of the spanish civil war
am i f***
im on this stupid thing
AGAIN!!!

Binomate

I'm hoping for:

A:Davitt; Butt; Parnell & Home Rule; (I might consider looking over a unionism essay).
B:Interparty Government; DeValera in power; Blueshirts;(I might consider looking over CnG).
C:Bismark;France;Treaty of Versailles; (I might consider looking over the Eastern Question).
Hitler;Stalin
E:Special Topic (I'm focusing on this).

I'm fairly screwed.

rosa

Binomate wrote:

I'm hoping for:

A:Davitt; Butt; Parnell & Home Rule; (I might consider looking over a unionism essay).
B:Interparty Government; DeValera in power; Blueshirts;(I might consider looking over CnG).
C:Bismark;France;Treaty of Versailles; (I might consider looking over the Eastern Question).
Hitler;Stalin
E:Special Topic (I'm focusing on this).

I'm fairly screwed.

Yeah that sounds good!
Isn't it so annoying the way everything comes down to the paper. I know that its like that for all exams obviously, but history I think more so than others. I mean if you're unlucky enough not to be able to answer any of the essays in a section, you're immediatley down 20%.
Thats a lot of pressure.

Binomate

I hope to dear christ it's not another Maths Paper 1 job on the History paper.

rosa

My teacher reckons the paper will have to be handy enough because the Dept doesn't want anyone failing, if you had to repeat you'd have to learn the new course. Then again there's another school of thought that says the paper could be harder than usual, to justify the introduction of the new course. So who knows?

BraveheartGal

you know tons!
youll be fine!
i on the other hand, have taken to poking myself in the eye in an effort to cop myself on



(its not working)

Binomate

rosa wrote:

My teacher reckons the paper will have to be handy enough because the Dept doesn't want anyone failing, if you had to repeat you'd have to learn the new course. Then again there's another school of thought that says the paper could be harder than usual, to justify the introduction of the new course. So who knows?

Actually that's a very very good point. The first point seems a lot more logical. I hope to dear sweet Jesus it's an easy paper and all of the predictions come up. I wonder are any of the bookmakers doing bets on what comes up on any of the papers.

BraveheartGal

theres the maths course
english
irish
and a COMPLETELY new history course


all of which i do
super

rosa

I was talking to my sister about this the other day, she got 590 in her Leaving, an A1 in History so she knows her stuff. According to her,they HAVE to make the History paper somewhat predictable, otherwise no-one would have a hope of passing it. When you think of the length of the course, how could anyone possibly be prepared for every single quetion? Don't know if I agree with her but just thought I'd pass it on.

jdevlin

Anyone got a french 3rd republic essay they want to paste up, it would be a great help. I wrote my one at ther start of 5th year and its crap

max_power

Cannibal Ox wrote:

Intro

•Worked in a Mill at 9, lost his arm in an accident at 11


•Gets arrested while importing arms

.

anyone else think thats hillarious? bout davitt by the way

Binomate

max_power wrote:

anyone else think thats hillarious? bout davitt by the way

I'm ngoing to point out the irony in my essay if he comes up. Maybe the examiner might find a bit of humour in it and go easy on me.

Jamey

I did a special topic which a lot of my teachers thought was very sketchy. They corrected it grand in the mocks though, do you think they could penalise me in the real thing? Btw, the study is "Trotsky in Exile", about his life in MEXICO and his death.