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The Bible, Creationism, and Prophecy (part 1)

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  • Registered Users Posts: 14,615 ✭✭✭✭J C


    STRAW MAN NUMBER TWENTY ONE!!
    Wicknight
    In 100 years the population of Ireland, a very under populated country since the famine, with plenty of space, and with a Catholic following that shunned birth control, the population has risen by only a million, a large proportion of that is due to immigration.

    It's even worse than that!!!
    Between 1800 and 1900 the population of Ireland actually HALVED!!!
    BUT this was due to famine and emigration.

    However, between 1800 and 2000 the Irish Diaspora worldwide INCREASED to about 100 million!!!!


    STRAW MAN NUMBER TWENTY TWO!!
    Wicknight
    Do you expect us to believe that a post-flood poplulation grew from 6 people to tens upon tens of millions in 230 years?

    The big ‘kick’ in population starts from 300 years onwards – and that is what the history of the post-Flood period also tells us.


    STRAW MAN NUMBER TWENTY THREE!!
    Wicknight
    The obvious question becomes then "Where are they?"(The Neanderthals)
    And the obvious answer is that many have now become Evolutionists and a few have become Creationists and they are ALL happily :confused: posting to this thread !!! :D:D


    Scofflaw
    Wicknight, that's far better than mine...I take my hat off to you! You probably ought to put a disclaimer at the top though...

    And I take my hat off to both yourself and Wicknight for your abridged accounts of the thread so far.

    Did I REALLY say that??!! :confused::confused:


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 25,848 ✭✭✭✭Zombrex


    J C wrote:
    3. God, being omniscient, KNEW that Adam and Eve would fall – but He didn’t make them do it!!!

    Seems a bit funny that if He knew it was coming all along He would be so shocked, disappointed and surprised by The Fall, does it not?

    9 But the LORD God called to the man, "Where are you?"

    10 He answered, "I heard you in the garden, and I was afraid because I was naked; so I hid."

    11 And he said, "Who told you that you were naked? Have you eaten from the tree that I commanded you not to eat from?"

    12 The man said, "The woman you put here with me—she gave me some fruit from the tree, and I ate it."

    13 Then the LORD God said to the woman, "What is this you have done?"

    14 So the LORD God said to the serpent, "Because you have done this,
    "Cursed are you above all the livestock
    and all the wild animals!

    You will crawl on your belly
    and you will eat dust
    all the days of your life.

    15 And I will put enmity
    between you and the woman,
    and between your offspring and hers;
    he will crush your head,
    and you will strike his heel."

    16 To the woman he said,
    "I will greatly increase your pains in childbearing;
    with pain you will give birth to children.
    Your desire will be for your husband,
    and he will rule over you."

    17 To Adam he said, "Because you listened to your wife and ate from the tree about which I commanded you, 'You must not eat of it,'
    "Cursed is the ground because of you;

    through painful toil you will eat of it
    all the days of your life.
    The woman said, "The serpent deceived me, and I ate."


    Doesn't really sound like He knew it was coming does it?? In fact it seemed to take Him a bit by surprise, since He is clearly quite angry about it

    In fact God seems to ask a lot of questions in the Old Testement for an all knowing God. Can I hide from God too, just as Adam did?


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 206 ✭✭John Doe


    J C wrote:
    God, being omniscient, KNEW that Adam and Eve would fall – but He didn’t make them do it!!!

    Yes, he did. He created Adam and Eve, you see. This means that he created beings that he knew would fall. This means that he made them fall. He could have created beings that wouldn't fall, but he didn't. According to you he didn't just create them with the possibility of falling, he created them with the absolute certainty that they would fall. So he made them fall.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 25,848 ✭✭✭✭Zombrex


    J C wrote:
    However, between 1800 and 2000 the Irish Diaspora worldwide INCREASED to about 100 million!!!!
    Very true, so it went from 4 million to 100 million in 100 years.

    Which would mean that, in a hundred years, your 6 people would have managed to multiple to whooping 150 people. And in 200 years you would have increased again to an incrediable 3750 people.

    I must admit JC, it does make it so much easier when you prove my points for me :rolleyes:

    Using realistic modern (as in over coming diease and food shortages) growth pattern (ignore that growth was much slower back then) after 200 years of expantion you come out with a population of just under 4000.

    J C wrote:
    The big ‘kick’ in population starts from 300 years onwards – and that is what the history of the post-Flood period also tells us.
    So if the "big kick" in population starts 300 years after the flood (2000BCE) how do you explain that fact that their were already people in China in 2000 BCE?

    Or for that matter, that most of your past posts are no irrelivent since this "big kick" wasn't mentioned at all and all your points of reference were from the year of the end of the flood.

    You even said that after about 400 years resources would run out and population growth would level off, like 4 posts ago :rolleyes

    Moving goal posts are we JC. Or are you just forgetting what you made up yesterday?

    So please tell me what was the population would have been 300 years before the big kick, and 400 years after the flood just before the population leveled off?
    J C wrote:
    And the obvious answer is that many have now become Evolutionists and a few have become Creationists and they are ALL happily :confused: posting to this thread !!! :D:D
    Maybe I should give a bit more time to speed read through AnswersInGenesis to find a made up excuse for that one too .... take your time ....
    J C wrote:
    Did I REALLY say that??!! :confused::confused:
    Don't worry JC, we ask the same question about you as well, all the time. Actually more along the lines of ..

    "Does he REALLY believe that? How can he, its completely nonsense"

    I'm thinking of starting a betting pool taking odds that you are are really an biologist just playing a YEC for a bit of craic ....


  • Registered Users Posts: 23,283 ✭✭✭✭Scofflaw


    wolfsbane wrote:
    You haven't heard of a false report, or a mistaken report? You haven't read the tabloids? :eek:

    Reports may well be just stories, but the term report conveys no sense of its veracity or otherwise, just that it is an account given by someone.

    To anyone who isn't a tabloid reader, the things you find in tabloids are generally called "tabloid stories", for precisely the reason you imply! A "news report" may turn out to be mistaken, and in that case it is called a "mistaken report" or "false report" - note the use of the qualifier, because a report is taken to be something true and accurate.

    Therefore, using the term report is intended to convey veracity, as I said in my post...

    accurately,
    possibly pedantically,
    Scofflaw


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  • Registered Users Posts: 23,283 ✭✭✭✭Scofflaw


    wolfsbane wrote:

    Oh, please - we can all spot this one, wolfsbane. I use nothing developed by Creation Science. The scientists who developed the things I use may have been flat-earthers, Elvisites, alien abductees, or even Scientologists, but as long as they stuck to scientific principles there isn't a problem - nor is what they have done "Flat-Earth Science", "Elvis Science", "alien science", or "Scientological Science" - it's just science.
    wolfsbane wrote:
    DJ did have another pertinent observation:
    "When a well-packaged web of lies has been sold gradually to the masses over generations, the truth will seem utterly preposterous and its speaker a raving lunatic."Hmm, which side on this debate has been branded as raving lunatics?

    This is a standard philosophical mistake - it goes like this:

    1. cats are black
    2. this is black
    3. therefore, this is a cat

    or, even worse

    1. those who speak the truth may be called mad
    2. Creationists are called mad
    3. therefore, Creationists must be speaking the truth

    This one is worse because it's based on another mistake. Most of those who are called mad are called mad because they're mad...not because anyone is trying to discredit them, or suppress what they're saying, but because they are in fact completely bonkers.

    Even in my student days, my geology department was beset by a bloke who reckoned minerals were actually plants (or planted by aliens - I forget exactly which). He was convinced that Jews and a conspiracy of traffic wardens (no, seriously, he reckoned that's what the secret society of immortals who govern Earth now pose as) were suppressing this information, and that's why no-one would publish his work.

    "Insanity is the power of fancy over reason."
    Samuel Johnson (1709 - 1784)

    cordially,
    Scofflaw


  • Registered Users Posts: 3,196 ✭✭✭BrianCalgary


    Wicknight wrote:
    Seems a bit funny that if He knew it was coming all along He would be so shocked, disappointed and surprised by The Fall, does it not?



    Doesn't really sound like He knew it was coming does it?? In fact it seemed to take Him a bit by surprise, since He is clearly quite angry about it

    In fact God seems to ask a lot of questions in the Old Testement for an all knowing God. Can I hide from God too, just as Adam did?

    no God wasn't surprised at all. Just as I'm not surprised when my kids do something wrong. I know they will, I also know after the fact what they have done. I still ask them the questions, if they repent and ask forgiveness, punishment is light. If they try to lay blame on someone else or lie about their transgression the punishment is harder.

    Imagine if Adam and Eve's response was 'forgive me Father for I have sinned'. What would the consequences be.

    Basically Adam and Eve told God that they did not want to live under His rules any more. God honoured their request. That is what continues today and will for eternity, those that wish to live with God as a part of their lives will reap benefits, including a place in Heaven. Those that tell Him to go take a hike, will have their request honoured as well, the consequences of such a decision are listed in the Bible. it is called Hell.

    You can try to hide from God, but you can't. th eday will come when yoy will be accountable for your sin. Adam and Eve were made accountable, they blamed someone else. Jesus came to be made accountable for your sin, accept it or not. But be prepared to face the consequences of your action.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 25,848 ✭✭✭✭Zombrex


    no God wasn't surprised at all. Just as I'm not surprised when my kids do something wrong.

    You may not be surprised they have done something wrong, but that doesn't mean you knew they are about to do it. If you did and let them do it anyway that wouldn't make you much of a parent.

    From a quite literal reading of Genesis God didn't know Adam and Eve were going to do this, nor did he know exactly what they had done.


  • Registered Users Posts: 3,196 ✭✭✭BrianCalgary


    Wicknight wrote:
    You may not be surprised they have done something wrong, but that doesn't mean you knew they are about to do it. If you did and let them do it anyway that wouldn't make you much of a parent.

    From a quite literal reading of Genesis God didn't know Adam and Eve were going to do this, nor did he know exactly what they had done.

    Not necessarily, sometimes you allow your kids to make mistakes. It is the only way some people learn. Of course He knew. I have read and reread Genesis and I see nothing that indicates that God did not know that this would happen. In fact Genesis 3:15 prophecies Jesus, God was prepared for this.


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 25,848 ✭✭✭✭Zombrex


    Not necessarily, sometimes you allow your kids to make mistakes. It is the only way some people learn.
    I would imagine that if you knew your child was about to unknowingly make the worst mistake of his/her life you would probably stop them
    Of course He knew.
    You keep saying that but that is not what Genesis states.

    This thread is about taking Genesis literally, Genesis literally states that God seems shocked and annoyed that man had fallen.

    You have to assume God is playing some kind of "time out" punishment game with Adam and Eve, which there is no evidence for in Genesis

    Why is it acceptable to "fill in the blanks" with any interpretation you like when Genesis seems to contradict modern Christian belief (another example, the OT regularly speaks of God being a jealous vengefull God), yet when Genesis contradicts the know universe, well the known universe must be wrong.
    I have read and reread Genesis and I see nothing that indicates that God did not know that this would happen.

    What about where He asked them all what has happened here.


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  • Registered Users Posts: 5,980 ✭✭✭wolfsbane


    pH said:
    I'm glad you posted that because it encapsulates one of the dishonesties of the creationism argument very well. You pick on the fact that some experts in a field disagree on the details and use that to attempt to discredit the entire area because of these 'debates'.

    Let me be very clear, while there is some debate about the exact dates of various Pharoahs, possibly even the order and perhaps even the attribution of events or structures to a particular ruler - there is absolutely no doubt that the ancient Egyptian civilization ran continuously from 3000BC to 30BC.
    The arguments that they use to invalidate the current majority view are the same ones that open the debate to the Genesis timeframe of the Flood. What's sauce for the goose...

    See for example http://www.centuries.co.uk/faq.htm#q4


  • Registered Users Posts: 5,980 ✭✭✭wolfsbane


    Son Goku said:
    That's a useless arguement. How could all of us: atheists, hindus, buddhists,........ come to the same conclusion. We have totally different presuppositions, so how do you explain a convergence of thought unless it is based on evidence.
    Even non-materialists don't come to a 6,000 -10,000 year old conclusion.
    You have to be a fundamentalist Chrisitan.
    Their totally different presuppositions all involve no necessity for a YEC. They are therefore not motivated to question the established position. If evolutionism was totally without argument, of course many would question it, but it has apparently credible explanations for the evidence around us. That these explanations breakdown under close scrutiny, e.g., irreducible complexity, mathematical impossibility, is part of the reason more scientists are indeed questioning the received dogma.
    Then I didn't miss the point. I knew this was what you were saying.
    The comparison with the holocaust puts a stupid post-apocalyptic flavour to this argument. You simple use it as an emotive trick because it is a melodramatic statement.
    I'm sure that's what the decent people in Germany thought too - all too far-fetched.

    Imagine the police calling to quiz you on your views on homosexuality. Imagine being a 82-year-old Labour campaigner and being assaulted and removed from the conference by stewards for shouting 'Rubbish' during the Foreign Secretary's speech. And then being arrested by the police under the Terrorism Act.

    When we see liberties being cut away without very pressing reasons, it is time to wake up. Eternal vigilance and all that.

    Maybe its because I have a Biblical view of the natural corruption of man's heart, that I see where suppression of debate can lead. But surely history is enough to make you fear when you see debate being gagged.

    Interestingly, it seems suppression by the Established view is not confined to the creation/evolution debate. Looking up references on Egyptology, I came across this:
    Q14: Why has CoD not been generally accepted as the correct chronology for the ancient world?
    Archaeologists are usually specialists working in separate fields. While they are happy to draw conclusions in their own areas of study, they are reluctant to make assessments of the problems in other areas. Because the issues raised by CoD involve interconnections between all fields of ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern studies, the overall case is simply too difficult for most to comprehend. As in any scientific discipline it is easier to keep to the status quo and avoid 'sticking one's neck out', as it were. Academic inertia, scholarly egotism, the desire for promotion, teaching convenience and a number of other reasons continually reinforce this attitude.

    It is quite clear, for example, that no-one would be encouraged to publish articles agreeing with our model - they would probably be automatically rejected. We have naturally encountered this problem ourselves. With respect to academic journals, we have been frustrated by a 'lack of airtime' in which we could defend our case against critics. For example, when the Cambridge Archaeological Journal published lengthy, and sometimes rambling and unjustified, criticisms from several scholars, the editor declined to publish our reply in the same issue and allowed only limited space in the next. In the case of Antiquity, our reply to Manning and Weninger's ill-considered treatment of the radiocarbon evidence from the Aegean, was flatly rejected.

    Despite such difficulties, and in the meantime, CoD has become a respectable and widely known antidote to the conventional chronology which is regularly cited in the literature and used in numerous university courses.


    That is found in: http://www.centuries.co.uk/faq.htm#q14 They are certainly not Chriatian fundamentalists.


  • Registered Users Posts: 14,615 ✭✭✭✭J C


    Wicknight
    Genesis skims over huge events in a couple of lines. No where is there detailed descriptions of what exactly happened.

    No where in the Bible can you find out how exactly God created life, or in what order.

    No where in the Bible can you find a detailed description of the Noah flood, where it started, how it moved across the earth, any form of time line.

    The babel tower is handled in something like 3 lines.


    You are indeed quite correct (about the relative brevity).

    However, the order of Creation and it’s timeline ARE described. Equally, the extent and timeline of Noah’s Flood are ALSO described.

    Despite the relative brevity, the essential details are all there nonetheless.

    My explanation (for the brevity), is that it illustrates God’s priorities – which are that we adore Him as Creator and that we are saved.

    Earlier on in this thread some Theistic Evolutionists chided Creationists on this very basis for an over-emphasis on the mechanics of Creation, etc.

    I would explain this apparent paradox by saying that the ability of Creation Science to study and explain the events of Genesis DOESN’T save people (because they can only be saved through faith in Jesus Christ).

    However, the scientific study of Creation IS important in defending the veracity of the Word of God and especially opposite unsaved people who don’t have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ.

    Jesus Christ summarised this concept very neatly in Jn 3:12 when He said “I have spoken to you of earthly things and you do not believe; how then will you believe if I speak of heavenly things?” (NIV).
    Jesus is basically confirming that as Earth-based logical people, we must first rationally accept that God exists and that His Word is true in order to place our faith in Him.
    While it is possible to come to a saving faith in Jesus Christ without rationally accepting that God exists, it is unlikely. It is even less likely when the Word of God seems to be contradicted by the paradigm of the culture within which we currently live.


    Wicknight
    Doesn't really sound like He (God) knew it (The Fall) was coming does it?? In fact it seemed to take Him a bit by surprise, since He is clearly quite angry about it
    In fact God seems to ask a lot of questions in the Old Testament for an all knowing God.


    The Fall didn’t take God by surprise and His question to Adam was rhetorical.
    God was angry because Mankind had abused their free will to align themselves with Satan.


    Wicknight
    Can I hide from God too, just as Adam did?

    You can run – but you can’t hide from God – just like Adam.


    John Doe
    This means that he created beings that he knew would fall. This means that he made them fall.

    Knowing that something is going to happen doesn’t make you responsible for it. A doctor may know that somebody is terminally ill and going to die – but this knowledge doesn’t make the doctor responsible for the patient’s death.


    John Doe
    He could have created beings that wouldn't fall, but he didn't

    He could have done so – but then He probably would have had to remove their free will.


    Wicknight
    Very true, so it went from 4 million to 100 million in 100 years.

    Which would mean that, in a hundred years, your 6 people would have managed to multiple to whooping 150 people. And in 200 years you would have increased again to an incrediable 3750 people.


    Your figures are accurate and they approximate to a fertility rate of 6 children per couple.

    However, the same rate of 6 children per couple, were it sustained, would expand the population to 6 billion in only 630 years!!!

    Population dynamics are indeed amazing – and they are capable of easily delivering the Human Populations that we are familiar with within a Biblical timeframe.


    Wicknight
    So if the "big kick" in population starts 300 years after the flood (2000BCE) how do you explain that fact that their were already people in China in 2000 BCE?

    These figures were based on 10 children per couple.
    By ‘big kick’ I meant that the world population could potentially rise from about 11 million 300 years after the flood to about 1,500 million at the 400 year mark.

    A world population of 58 million in 2000 BC (330 years after the Flood) would undoubtedly include many Chinese!!!


    Wicknight
    You even said that after about 400 years resources would run out and population growth would level off, like 4 posts ago

    Yes, this is also true – otherwise the growth would have continued exponentially and something like 200 billion people would be present at only 500 years post-Flood.

    Here are the figures

    Years
    Post .... People
    Flood
    0 .... .. 6
    33 .... . 30
    66 .... . 150
    99 .... . 750
    132 .... 3,750
    165 .... 18,750
    198 .... 93,750
    231 .... 468,750
    264 .... 2,343,750
    297 .... 11,718,750
    330 .... 58,593,750
    363 .... 292,968,750
    396 .... 1,464,843,750
    429 .... 7,324,218,750
    495 .... 183,105,468,750
    528 .... 915,527,343,750


  • Registered Users Posts: 3,196 ✭✭✭BrianCalgary


    Wicknight wrote:
    I would imagine that if you knew your child was about to unknowingly make the worst mistake of his/her life you would probably stop them


    You keep saying that but that is not what Genesis states.

    This thread is about taking Genesis literally, Genesis literally states that God seems shocked and annoyed that man had fallen.

    You have to assume God is playing some kind of "time out" punishment game with Adam and Eve, which there is no evidence for in Genesis

    Why is it acceptable to "fill in the blanks" with any interpretation you like when Genesis seems to contradict modern Christian belief (another example, the OT regularly speaks of God being a jealous vengefull God), yet when Genesis contradicts the know universe, well the known universe must be wrong.



    What about where He asked them all what has happened here.

    I take it literally. The coversation between God and Adam and Eve took place. The questions God asked of them are very similar to the questions that I would ask my kid. I am looking for an admission of the transgression that I know happened, and the remorse and request for forgiveness.

    I think God was doing the same here. I was recently reading a piece that asked the question, what if Adam and Eve said 'forgive us for we have sinned? instead of Adam: the women gave it to me, Eve: the serpent told me to do it, would forgiveness have happened? I believe so. What a lesson for us to learn: repent and ask forgiveness. Consistent with the message of Jesus:) .


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 1,475 ✭✭✭Son Goku


    wolfsbane wrote:
    Their totally different presuppositions all involve no necessity for a YEC. They are therefore not motivated to question the established position.
    What?!
    Of course they are. If evolution is atheist as you claim, then of course Hindus, jainists, e.t.c. would be motivated to question it.
    For instance, wolfsbane, why doesn't a Shinto practitioner question "atheist" evolution?
    If evolutionism was totally without argument, of course many would question it, but it has apparently credible explanations for the evidence around us. That these explanations breakdown under close scrutiny, e.g., irreducible complexity, mathematical impossibility, is part of the reason more scientists are indeed questioning the received dogma.
    Believe it or not, not everybody thinks like you. Evolution is not our received dogma. You seem to believe that everybody must be religious in some way and materialism is my religion. This is not the case. Evolution is not something we believe in and we aren't as attached to it as you are to your faith.
    If evolution was wrong, most scientists wouldn't care half as much as you think.
    You always speak like you see atheism as the worship of material things (i.e. matter, nature). Which it isn't.

    Also I have asked over and over again for an actual rigorous definition of irreducible complexity and mathematical impossibility. For the former all I have is a loose concept with no quantitative method of application. For the later we have the misapplication of Bayesian probability.

    I'm sure that's what the decent people in Germany thought too - all too far-fetched.
    Argue like an adult. What follows this is too childish to rebuke.

    When we see liberties being cut away without very pressing reasons, it is time to wake up. Eternal vigilance and all that.
    Has it ever occurred to you that maybe the debate isn't being suppressed. For once, look objectively at what is going on.

    A minority fundamentalist religious group says science is completely incorrect in its assessment of evidence of the history of Earth.
    In the past ten years this has come a bit more to the forefront, where now the religious group is claiming that scientists are suppressing their side of the story and they take legal action to have their program placed in schools.

    The truth is that most scientists, particularly in the east, have no idea Creationism even exists. Those that do find it boring and not worth their time.
    The small minority who spent time on it say it was an interesting diversion for a few months before they forgot about it.

    Your side isn't being suppressed as there isn't enough people actively aware of your side. Particularly in Asia and Africa.
    You think Creationism is a bigger global scientific issue than it is because you're immersed in it.


  • Moderators, Society & Culture Moderators Posts: 24,417 Mod ✭✭✭✭robindch


    > I'm sure that's what the decent people in Germany thought too

    Wolfsbane -- while waiting for you to get back with a reply to my question from yesterday -- I feel I should say that it would raise the level of the debate here if you could drop your repeated references to professional biologists being Nazis. At this stage, I think that everybody is probably aware of your view, and it does not become any less insipid or offensive with repetition. Certainly, doing so may help to remove the conviction that your are as ill-informed about history, as you are about biology, chemistry and physics.

    I should declare an interest here, as my sister-in-law is a PhD-level geneticist working here in Dublin on a range of genetic disorders of the eye, including retinitis pigmentosa, macular degeneration, Usher syndrome and others. It would surprise many, I think, to see people like her who are out there at the coal-face of biology trying to improve the lives of her fellow-humans, being continually compared to a group known, amongst other things, for gassing children.

    .


  • Registered Users Posts: 23,283 ✭✭✭✭Scofflaw


    robindch wrote:
    > I'm sure that's what the decent people in Germany thought too

    Wolfsbane -- while waiting for you to get back with a reply to my question from yesterday -- I feel I should say that it would raise the level of the debate here if you could drop your repeated references to professional biologists being Nazis. At this stage, I think that everybody is probably aware of your view, and it does not become any less insipid or offensive with repetition. Certainly, doing so may help to remove the conviction that your are as ill-informed about history, as you are about biology, chemistry and physics.

    Also, we will declare a Godwin's Law victory.

    pettily,
    Scofflaw


  • Registered Users Posts: 23,283 ✭✭✭✭Scofflaw


    Can this be heaven
    Where a thoughtful landlord
    Locates the windows of his many mansions
    To afford you such a view?
    (The chamber, the instruments, the torture.)
    Can it be
    The gratifying knowledge of having pleased
    Someone who derives such pleasure
    From being thus gratified?

    cordially,
    Scofflaw


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 997 ✭✭✭Sapien


    Wicknight wrote:
    Sapien wrote:
    J C wrote:
    Creationists DO accept that speciation occurs (using EXISTING genetic diversity)
    Please elaborate.
    They believe that genetic material can re-arrange itself due to mutation during reporduction (though JC has claimed mutations can't benefit an animal, so it seems funny he accepts mutations in relation to specialisation), but that new genetic structures cannot form during said mutation.

    So if you have 10 chromosone you can have ten chromosone in a different order after a long period of mutation, but not 11.

    This theory (like most YECs ones) has been proven wrong. Mutation which increases genetic complexity has been observed.

    It makes sense too, since you aren't just rearranging the chromosones, you are also copying them.

    The biological process limits the number of copies to the original number. But like any biological process this can fail, and more copies can be produced than originally needed. 99.999% it will not work out to have any benefit for the creature, and possibly result in its death or serious defects.

    But over the hundred of thousands of years (millions of years), with trilions of life forms reproducing every second, it is clear that eventually errors in the copying process will produce more copies of genetic code than originally needed, and this, in very rare instances, will produce a beneficial result.
    Thanks Wicknight, but I'd rather J C answer himself. Speciation is defined as the arisal of one or more species from the descendants of another. How is speciation from "EXISTING genetic diversity" different from evolutionary theory? How can one accept speciation and not evolution?


  • Registered Users Posts: 23,283 ✭✭✭✭Scofflaw


    wolfsbane wrote:
    Their totally different presuppositions all involve no necessity for a YEC. They are therefore not motivated to question the established position. If evolutionism was totally without argument, of course many would question it, but it has apparently credible explanations for the evidence around us. That these explanations breakdown under close scrutiny, e.g., irreducible complexity, mathematical impossibility, is part of the reason more scientists are indeed questioning the received dogma.

    None of their pre-suppositions, as far as I'm aware, involve anything like the "evolutionist" world-view. Most religions do have a Creator and a Creation. Most obvious would be Judaism, but Islam also comes to mind, since it accepts much of what is in the Bible.
    The vast majority of classical Rabbis held that God created the world close to 6,000 years ago, and created Adam and Eve from clay. This view is based on a chronology developed in a midrash, Seder Olam, which was based on a literal reading of the book of Genesis. It is considered to have been written by the Tanna Yose ben Halafta, and cover history from the creation of the universe to the construction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem.

    In fact, it appears that Christian Creationism is paralleled in Judaism, with Haredi (Ultra-Orthodox) Jews usually Creationist, and almost all others theistic evolutionist. Considering your concern for what you feel is the suppression of Creationist views, you may find this article interesting. In brief, it recounts the tribulations of an Ultra-Orthodox scientist whose books reconciling the Torah and Evolution have been repeatedly denounced, and occasionally banned, by Ultra-Orthodox Rabbis.

    While this will almost immediately cause JC to claim that Creation Science is a worldwide, multi-faith movement, which in turn clearly shows that Darwinism is wrong, I'll just note that, as usual, the information allows of no such interpretation.
    wolfsbane wrote:
    Imagine the police calling to quiz you on your views on homosexuality. Imagine being a 82-year-old Labour campaigner and being assaulted and removed from the conference by stewards for shouting 'Rubbish' during the Foreign Secretary's speech. And then being arrested by the police under the Terrorism Act.

    When we see liberties being cut away without very pressing reasons, it is time to wake up. Eternal vigilance and all that.

    Maybe its because I have a Biblical view of the natural corruption of man's heart, that I see where suppression of debate can lead. But surely history is enough to make you fear when you see debate being gagged.

    I certainly fear for civil liberties when I see civil debate being gagged. It would be an enormous error of judgement to equate this with, for example, disallowing people to speak English in a Gaeltacht. Anyone, no matter their views, can become a scientist - as you have proved yourself, by pointing out the eminence of some Creationist scientists. Any scientist, no matter their views, can get scientific work published - as you have proved yourself, by citing the mainstream scientific publications of Creationist scientists. What they cannot get published as science is pseudoscience or religious works. They are welcome to publish, and have done extensively, outside the peer-reviewed scientific journals. Indeed, Creationists writing contra evolution almost certainly outpublish scientists writing contr Creationism (although probably no scientists writing about science).

    The debate is not being stifled. The debate is not a scientific debate, and therefore has no place in the scientific literature. Similarly, it is not cookery, and does not appear in cookery books, something I have yet to see you complain about.
    wolfsbane wrote:
    Interestingly, it seems suppression by the Established view is not confined to the creation/evolution debate. Looking up references on Egyptology, I came across this:
    Q14: Why has CoD not been generally accepted as the correct chronology for the ancient world?
    Archaeologists are usually specialists working in separate fields. While they are happy to draw conclusions in their own areas of study, they are reluctant to make assessments of the problems in other areas. Because the issues raised by CoD involve interconnections between all fields of ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern studies, the overall case is simply too difficult for most to comprehend. As in any scientific discipline it is easier to keep to the status quo and avoid 'sticking one's neck out', as it were. Academic inertia, scholarly egotism, the desire for promotion, teaching convenience and a number of other reasons continually reinforce this attitude.

    It is quite clear, for example, that no-one would be encouraged to publish articles agreeing with our model - they would probably be automatically rejected. We have naturally encountered this problem ourselves. With respect to academic journals, we have been frustrated by a 'lack of airtime' in which we could defend our case against critics. For example, when the Cambridge Archaeological Journal published lengthy, and sometimes rambling and unjustified, criticisms from several scholars, the editor declined to publish our reply in the same issue and allowed only limited space in the next. In the case of Antiquity, our reply to Manning and Weninger's ill-considered treatment of the radiocarbon evidence from the Aegean, was flatly rejected.

    Despite such difficulties, and in the meantime, CoD has become a respectable and widely known antidote to the conventional chronology which is regularly cited in the literature and used in numerous university courses.

    First - archaeology is a forensic science, like geology, with an amazing amount of room for interpretation. Ask Erich von Daniken!

    Second, the difficulties of getting a controversial theory published are well known. It has been suggested that new paradigms often have to wait until the tenured professors who championed the previous paradigm have died off. Certainly plate tectonics had to fight to make headway for years before, suddenly, overnight it seemed, it simply became the accepted paradigm. The "generation" in scientific thinking appears to be about 30 years (coincidentally, or not) - but Creationism has been out for 150 years. That's five generations in which Creationism has failed to be re-accepted, although it is still taught as part of the history of science. "Creation Science" first reared its head in the 1960's, and 40 years later is still the province of a few oddballs.

    cordially,
    Scofflaw


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  • Registered Users Posts: 6,737 ✭✭✭Asiaprod


    Sapien wrote:
    How is speciation from "EXISTING genetic diversity" different from evolutionary theory? How can one accept speciation and not evolution?
    :)


  • Registered Users Posts: 14,615 ✭✭✭✭J C


    Sapien
    How is speciation from "EXISTING genetic diversity" different from evolutionary theory?
    How can one accept speciation and not evolution?


    Very easily, as it turns out!!

    Creationists observe that Speciation uses pre-existing genetic information – Evolutionists claim that speciation predominantly occurs via new genetic information.

    Creation predicts a ‘horizontal’ or ‘downhill’ speciation within Created Kinds while Evolution proposes an ‘uphill’ speciation with an unbroken continuum of species from single cells to Man.

    This topic is discussed in more detail here:-

    http://www.answersingenesis.org/TJ/v11/i2/speciation.asp


    Scofflaw
    First - archaeology is a forensic science, like geology, with an amazing amount of room for interpretation. Ask Erich von Daniken!

    Not only is Archaeology and Geology forms of forensic science but so are Palaeontology and Palaeo-biology.
    In fact all scientific investigation of the ‘Origins Question’ including explanations such as Creation and macro-Evolution are actually based on forensic science.


    Scofflaw
    Second, the difficulties of getting a controversial theory published are well known. It has been suggested that new paradigms often have to wait until the tenured professors who championed the previous paradigm have died off. Certainly plate tectonics had to fight to make headway for years before, suddenly, overnight it seemed, it simply became the accepted paradigm.

    The "generation" in scientific thinking appears to be about 30 years (coincidentally, or not).............

    ........................."Creation Science" first reared its head in the 1960's.


    Sounds like a paradigm shift might be overdue, Scofflaw!!!! :D:D


    Scofflaw
    Anyone, no matter their views, can become a scientist - as you have proved yourself, by pointing out the eminence of some Creationist scientists. Any scientist, no matter their views, can get scientific work published - as you have proved yourself, by citing the mainstream scientific publications of Creationist scientists.

    I would have to say that this has also been my happy experience to date.

    However, the view that Creationists aren’t REAL scientists, is a theme that has emerged strongly on this thread.

    This ‘put down’ of Creationists (no matter how eminent) is encapsulated in the following quote from yourself :-
    Scofflaw
    “"Creation Science" first reared its head in the 1960's, and 40 years later is still the province of a few oddballs.”


    Here is an interesting article about Creation v Evolution debates.

    http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2/4249news3-20-2000.asp

    It concludes that Evolutionists are reluctant to debate Creationists unless the Evolutionists significantly outnumber them :)

    A bit like this thread actually!! :D :eek:


    Wicknight
    The biological process limits the number of copies to the original number. But like any biological process this can fail, and more copies can be produced than originally needed. 99.999% it will not work out to have any benefit for the creature, and possibly result in its death or serious defects.

    But over the hundred of thousands of years (millions of years), with trilions of life forms reproducing every second, it is clear that eventually errors in the copying process will produce more copies of genetic code than originally needed, and this, in very rare instances, will produce a beneficial result.


    Your faith in a system of Evolution that you accept will not work 99.999% of the time and that is propelled forward by copying ERRORS of genetic material that is otherwise observed to be approaching perfection – is quite amazing to behold.

    You are actually a person of very great faith indeed. :D:D


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 997 ✭✭✭Sapien


    J C wrote:
    Creationists observe that Speciation uses pre-existing genetic information – Evolutionists claim that speciation predominantly occurs via new genetic information.
    How can two species develop from one without new genetic information being created?


  • Registered Users Posts: 5,980 ✭✭✭wolfsbane


    Wicknight said:
    You will notice that all dating methods are in a straight line, they all decend well before 2300 BCE, they all are largly unbroken.

    There was no 300 year "gap" in the history of Eygpt, it doesn't matter which dating system you use.
    The point I am making is that dating is not an exact science. BTW, I see no reason to hold an antideluvian origin of the Egyptian dynasties ( though I agree that mankind back then was likely to be well-organized as well as very wicked), so there is no need for a 300 year gap.
    In 100 years the population of Ireland, a very under populated country since the famine, with plenty of space, and with a Catholic following that shunned birth control, the population has risen by only a million, a large proportion of that is due to immigration.

    Do you expect us to believe that a post-flood poplulation grew from 6 people to tens upon tens of millions in 230 years?
    Given the longevity and the likelihood of multiple births, I see no reason to doubt it. (My own mother had 10 kids, several of my neighbours had more, with not much more than the basics the post-Flood folk would have had).
    Also, as has been pointed out the JC a few times (which he ignores, probably because it is very damning to the YEC view) THERE WAS NO FOOD
    That is a big supposition. What happened to the food in the Ark? Did God forget to supply them with their needs for the first year after they disembarked? What happened to the seeds they would have with them and the seeds that would have survived outside? The first generation would have the whole world before them to hunt, gather and plant. In fact, as the population rose, the resources were still unlimited. Grass, plants, animals in abundance.
    What did these incredibly large growing population bases eat? Because farms don't grow by x10 every few years, not with farming methods from 2000 BCE. It would be hard to do that now, let alone back then.
    Every son would have had space to farm as much as he liked. Or pasture his flocks. There was no need for a land-rush. Even in Abraham's time, pasture was still pretty much freely available - Lot took the lowland plains, he took the hills of Judea. Their problem was they had massive flocks that could not be accomodated in one or the other of these locations. Imagine what it was like for their forefathers, how much free land they had.
    Instead of 230, try 23,000. That is a proper "big number"
    :confused: You want me to suggest a population after 23,000 years? That would be your problem, to explain why it took so long to get where we are and to account for the skeletons. I'm happy with the Biblical timeframe.
    In Africa alone? Try 20 million.
    Hmm, you know there were 20 million folk in Africa around 4000 years ago?

    Because we have strong evidence of large civilisations around the time of the Biblical flood. Actually we have strong evidence of large civilisations before the flood, that don't break for the flood at all. According to Epytian records, nothing happened in 2300 BCE to wipe them out, they carried on quite happy. I'm giving JC the benefit of the doubt that these civilisations were completely destroyed, and that the settling babylonians some how managed to start up again exactly where the old ones left off, but they would have had to have done this incredibly quickly, since there is no grap in African or Chinese culture.
    See my comments on dating and gaps above.
    How exactly?
    How many children would each couple have to survive for the population of Earth to grow from 6 to 120 million in a few hundred years?
    Where do you get the 120 million figure from? Anyway, I reckon about that figure in 400+ years, given a rate of 3.7% per year, which is suggested by the Biblical figures.
    And more importantly, what would they eat?
    All the land was free to crop and pasture.
    History.
    You have historical figures for population growth 4000 years ago?
    The only way yours and JCs population model would work is if each couple had between 30 and 60 children, leaving them with approx 10 surviving after diease had taken its natural toll. 60 children in a 40 year time (a 15 year fertilitiy window) is a little unrealistic, especially if you have to feed all of them, until some of them die off naturally
    Not sure how you work this out.
    Or the post flood populations had some how managed to defeat most common dieases, as we have today. It would seem strange though that,despite spreading across the entire globe this amazing information was some how lost completely, and had to be rediscovered in the 19th century.
    They would certainly have been less vunerable, given that we lose genetic abilities rather than gain them.
    The growth rates are based on historical growth rates.
    From what part of history?
    JC is making up the growth rate he needs (each couple has 10 surviving children, meaning they must have had approx 40 children altogether) to get the population to spread as quickly as he needs. It is nonsense.
    So 3 out of 4 of their kids had to die before breeding? You know that?
    Proper scientists? No, because that would be nonsense.
    Indeed it is nonsense. So why did you raise it, If 1000 years ago 20 Arabian looking people settled in Austrialia you would have a small population of Arabian looking settlers, just like the European settlers haven't all started to change into black men ? Is it just another straw-man?
    They why are people in the middle east or asia not black skinned? Did they all move to Austrialia?
    No. Some of the dispersed developed black skin, others white, others yellow, etc. The dispersal resulted in genetic isolations. The continued isolation continuously reinforced the genes for the colour of that particular group.
    If the eviromental adaptation caused them to turn black some where between Babylon and their trek to Africa or Austrialia, why do we not see African or native Austrialia looking people wondering around Iraq? or Korea?
    We do see various types of skin colour and physique in different parts of the world. Did I say Aborigines begame black on their way to Australia? Their blackness would have developed gradually as it was reinforced by their isolation. Maybe they were as black as they are before they arrived, maybe it only fully developed 1000 or 2000 years later. We don't know.
    What?

    You think 1 BCE all the native austrialias looked like Middle Eastern people,
    We can assume all people looked like Noah and his sons for some generations after the Flood. But with the dispersal at Babel, the different traits would have developed. We cannot say that today's Middle Eastern type was what the original Middle Easterns of Babel looked like.
    but over the course of 600 years,
    Where do you get 600 years from? If we take Babel c.2242BC, that leaves a lot of time for genetic specialization.
    because they were isolated from the genetic pool (what does that even mean?? the genetic pool is based on 6 people)
    The genetic pool was indeed contained in the 6 people - and in the original 2 in the Garden - but the pool I am referring to was that of all mankind. The developing people groups became isolated and had only their group as a pool.
    there bone and skeleton structures changed significanly, there skin colour changed and they lost all their native culture?
    Yes. Not all their culture, obviously. Memory of the Creation and the Flood were retained, albeit in corrupted forms.
    What you are describing is evolution, yet instead of the normal proper theory that this took thousands of years, you think it took 600??

    How can you call evolution nonsense when you need evolution to explain your own theory, yet to believe it works at approx 50 times the speed proper scientists believe evolution works.
    Remembering my point about the imaginary 600 years, let me also point out that Aborigines are fully human. They did not evolve into something different than they were. No fish to mammal, as in alleged evolution. Just adaption, as in Creation science. And, yes, adaption can be relatively quick.
    Wolfsbane you have just claimed that the skin colour and skull structure of a human can "specialise" in a matter of a hundred years back in 1000 BCE.
    Please point out where I claimed this had happened in a matter of a hundred years back in 1000 BCE.
    Yet his some how magically stopped happening a few years later?
    For the groups - e.g. Aborigines - their new gene pool would establish a standard. But if new groups from them became isolated, one would expect new variations to develop, new specializations.

    All this means a loss of information, of course. A loss of ability to develop a white skin and vice versa for a white person, unlike the abilities of our ancestors which have led to the various colours of today. Or do you think a fixed skin colour is a result of new information rather than the loss of information?


  • Registered Users Posts: 5,980 ✭✭✭wolfsbane


    Wicknight said:
    The obvious question becomes then "Where are they?"
    Neanderthals - died out as a distinct group, through absorption in the larger groups, warfare, etc. Mammoths - I'm not sure. Several reasons have been put forward, but the debate goes on, in evolutionist circles as well as creationist. See: The Extinction Wars, by Michael Oard http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/fit/chapter5.asp


  • Closed Accounts Posts: 997 ✭✭✭Sapien


    wolfsbane wrote:
    All this means a loss of information, of course. A loss of ability to develop a white skin and vice versa for a white person, unlike the abilities of our ancestors which have led to the various colours of today. Or do you think a fixed skin colour is a result of new information rather than the loss of information?
    Are you familiar with the concept of Begging the Question?


  • Registered Users Posts: 23,283 ✭✭✭✭Scofflaw


    wolfsbane wrote:
    That is a big supposition. What happened to the food in the Ark? Did God forget to supply them with their needs for the first year after they disembarked? What happened to the seeds they would have with them and the seeds that would have survived outside? The first generation would have the whole world before them to hunt, gather and plant. In fact, as the population rose, the resources were still unlimited. Grass, plants, animals in abundance.

    Every son would have had space to farm as much as he liked. Or pasture his flocks. There was no need for a land-rush. Even in Abraham's time, pasture was still pretty much freely available - Lot took the lowland plains, he took the hills of Judea. Their problem was they had massive flocks that could not be accomodated in one or the other of these locations. Imagine what it was like for their forefathers, how much free land they had.

    Aye - just as the first European settlers in North America did. Funnily enough, they did a lot of starving, though.
    wolfsbane wrote:
    Yes. Not all their culture, obviously. Memory of the Creation and the Flood were retained, albeit in corrupted forms.

    The Jews of the Diaspora have managed to retain their religion, and even the Torah, for 2000+ years, through persecution, massacre, and the settling of new continents.

    Or do you, perhaps, have a more closely comparable example than that?
    wolfsbane wrote:
    For the groups - e.g. Aborigines - their new gene pool would establish a standard. But if new groups from them became isolated, one would expect new variations to develop, new specializations.

    All this means a loss of information, of course. A loss of ability to develop a white skin and vice versa for a white person, unlike the abilities of our ancestors which have led to the various colours of today. Or do you think a fixed skin colour is a result of new information rather than the loss of information?

    Gosh. If only your theory accounted for albino Africans, or tanning, then it would only have to face the hurdle of explaining what "new information" means?

    I ask because it is possible to do a very simple thought-experiment:

    1. Creationists accept that genetic information can be reshuffled, but that mutations cannot add more information - that mutation is always neutral or harmful.
    2. Let us represent a piece of genetic information as a word, that needs to be acceptable in Scrabble to be able to code for a protein: MANA
    3. Let us suffer a mutation of one letter: MENA
    4. MENA is no longer an acceptable word - clearly, our mutation is harmful.
    5. But wait! What happens when genes get reshuffled? Well, one possibility is MANE. Another is AMEN.
    6. Holy Genetics, Batman! We now have two possibilities where we had one before!

    Now this is simplistic, yes, but as far as we know, this is how genes work. So, I have to ask again - what exactly does "genetic information" mean

    cordially
    Scofflaw


  • Registered Users Posts: 23,283 ✭✭✭✭Scofflaw


    wolfsbane wrote:
    Wicknight said:

    Neanderthals - died out as a distinct group, through absorption in the larger groups, warfare, etc. Mammoths - I'm not sure. Several reasons have been put forward, but the debate goes on, in evolutionist circles as well as creationist. See: The Extinction Wars, by Michael Oard http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/fit/chapter5.asp

    Mm. Again, the problem is that the sequencing of Neanderthal DNA has shown a very distant kinship. Currently, we have two Neanderthal DNA sequences showing wide separation (ie that they were not ancestral in any way to humans, nor contributed to the human gene pool) versus one disputed skeleton showing a mixture of morphologies. In general, genetic analysis is considered superior to morphological analysis in establishing relationships

    cordially,
    Scofflaw


  • Registered Users Posts: 14,615 ✭✭✭✭J C


    Sapien
    How can two species develop from one without new genetic information being created?

    Speciation is observed to occur via isolation, recombination or mutation of existing genetic information and so it is either a ‘horizontal’ or ‘downhill’ information process.

    Both the Creation and Evolution hypotheses rely on Speciation (Creation to some extent and Evolution totally).

    So how can we decide whether Speciation is occurring in accordance with the Creation or Evolutionary hypothesis?

    Creation predicts a ‘horizontal’ or ‘downhill’ Speciation WITHIN Created Kinds while Evolution proposes an ‘uphill’ Speciation with an UNBROKEN CONTINUUM of species from single cells to Man.

    …. and what do we find?

    We find Speciation to be confined within Created Kinds (as predicted by Creation Science) and we DON’T find any gradual unbroken continuum of species from single cells to Man in either living or fossil organisms (as predicted by macro-Evolution). :cool:



    Scofflaw
    I ask because it is possible to do a very simple thought-experiment:

    1. Creationists accept that genetic information can be reshuffled, but that mutations cannot add more information - that mutation is always neutral or harmful.
    2. Let us represent a piece of genetic information as a word, that needs to be acceptable in Scrabble to be able to code for a protein: MANA
    3. Let us suffer a mutation of one letter: MENA
    4. MENA is no longer an acceptable word - clearly, our mutation is harmful.
    5. But wait! What happens when genes get reshuffled? Well, one possibility is MANE. Another is AMEN.
    6. Holy Genetics, Batman! We now have two possibilities where we had one before!


    Your thought experiment has two major flaws:-

    1. The ‘words’ being formed by DNA are hundreds of letters long – so it is more akin to forming meaningful SENTENCES by randomly changing letters. The permutations are vastly greater than your 4-letter word example would suggest and the chances of forming meaningful sentences are therefore effectively zero.

    2. As well as forming meaningful ‘sentences’ DNA must produce them specifically i.e. in the right time and place, so that the resultant molecule will be biologically useful for the organism concerned. This further extends the odds and moves them from ‘effectively zero’ to ‘absolutely zero’!!

    To use your analogy, the specificity aspect is like successfullly producing the word AMEN - only to find that it turns up in a Guidebook for Atheists.
    On second thoughts, the word might come in useful for any atheists who finds themselves praying in a ‘foxhole’. :D

    Scofflaw
    Mm. Again, the problem is that the sequencing of Neanderthal DNA has shown a very distant kinship.

    The Mitochondrial DNA sequence indicates that Neanderthals are a side-branch of an isolated group that was originally descended from Noah.

    The topic is discussed further here:-
    http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs/206.asp.


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  • Closed Accounts Posts: 25,848 ✭✭✭✭Zombrex


    J C wrote:
    Your faith in a system of Evolution that you accept will not work 99.999% of the time and that is propelled forward by copying ERRORS of genetic material that is otherwise observed to be approaching perfection

    Groan .. a few points

    Firstly JC you also believe in the ability of ERRORS produce successfull outcomes. Your theory of specialisation, where a life form's genetic information is re-arranged to provide new abilities is based on ERRORS in the copying of genetic material. Otherwise the Nylon bateria would never be able to eat nylon.

    The only difference is that you believe genetic material can only re-arrange itself, that errors in the copying of DNA can never produce a copy of the original DNA that contains more genetic structures than the orignal DNA, just the DNA re-arranged. Micro-evolution, rather than macro-evolution.

    That doesn't make a whole lot of logical sense, because if an error can take place in the copying that causes the genetic structure to be re-arranged to produce a positive ability, there is no reason to believe the copying cannot cause the genetic structure to, in error, produce more genetic material that was actually required, or that this cannot also produce a successful outcome.

    Secondly, where did you get PERFECTION from? Obviously life on Earth isn't perfect, otherwise we would have all stopped evolving, or a YEC like to call it, specialising, to certain environments. In fact it would be nonsense to claim that any life form is perfect since evolution/specialisation adapts a creature to their enviornment and the enviornment is constantly chaning, so the process is never finished.

    You are right that both evolution and your theory of specialisation, attempt to approach perfect adaption to an enviornment, but the only way this can take place is through errors in the copying of genetic information. Your distane for these errors makes no sense, even within the YEC concept of specialisation, so one can only conclude that you don't even understand your own theories properly.


This discussion has been closed.
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