La Palma, Canary Islands - Volcano Thread

Meteorology is very much tied in with the fluid dynamics which create volcanic eruptions and plate tectonics so while it is appropriate to draw comparisons between the Earth and Venus geologically, this extends on to meteorology when comparing atmospheres between planets such as differential rotation between Earth and Jupiter-

The major point is that where any rotating celestial object with a rotating viscous material, whether as zonal flows in the atmosphere or zonal flows as lava beneath the fractured crust, the underlying mechanism displays differential rotation across latitudes. Looking for clues on the surface crust to extrapolate the underlying dynamics incorporates the spherical deviation of the planet, plate tectonics and volcanic activity.

For instance, the idea of convection cells does not work for hotspots. The idea is that the crust moves across hotspots doesn't work as convection cells are supposed to move faster than the crust whereas geological features on the surface are explained as the crust moving over stationary hotspots.

Going back to the meteorologist Alfred Wegener, the idea that meteorologists would play a role in evolutionary geology sounds silly, however, although the dynamics of the atmosphere above the surface show large scale traits and are well understood, researchers have yet to apply the same principles to the fluid beneath the surface hence-

“Scientists still do not appear to understand sufficiently that all earth sciences must contribute evidence toward unveiling the state of our planet in earlier times, and that the truth of the matter can only be reached by combing all this evidence. ... It is only by combing the information furnished by all the earth sciences that we can hope to determine 'truth' here, that is to say, to find the picture that sets out all the known facts in the best arrangement and that therefore has the highest degree of probability. Further, we have to be prepared always for the possibility that each new discovery, no matter what science furnishes it, may modify the conclusions we draw.”

― Alfred Wegener, The Origin of Continents and Oceans

He's right in fairness.

If you cant understand it you need to do your own research

I fully appreciate what you are saying and this applies to the other two reactions, needless to say I am content to leave you with your concerns without further need to reply nor require that anyone read what I have to say.

The crossover from meteorology to geology is also a crossover from planetary dynamics to geology, climate, biology or any combination between each other. I understand that few can make the transition to crossover topics where differential rotation applies to both meteorology and the behaviour of the atmosphere with geology and the behaviour of the fluid interior in contact with the surface crust. Sometimes practitioners of disciplines are very protective of their turf, hence find it difficult to apply lessons from one discipline to another.

" Since we cannot be universal and know all that is to be known of everything, we ought to know a little about everything. For it is far better to know something about everything than to know all about one thing. This universality is the best. If we can have both, still better; but if we must choose, we ought to choose the former. And the world feels this and does so; for the world is often a good judge" Pascal

In this case, zonal flow in the atmosphere has similarities with differential rotation across latitudes observed in all rotating compositions in a fluid or plasma state, including the Sun. It is bound to be attractive for meteorologists with more expansive perspectives because they can extrapolate the underlying rotational mechanism with an uneven rotational gradient from equator to poles while the surface crust has an even gradient. The difference between rotating crust and rotating fluid is the differential which makes the crust so geologically active.

It is not a good start when geologists can't identify the maximum rotational velocity of the Earth as demonstrated by the intentional falsehood in the main Wikipedia article-

It is time to stop barking at me as there are genuine issues to discuss and I have no interest in grandstanding, making a name for myself or all other trivial pursuits.

Here we go again by diminishing the intelligence of ancient societies because of some fiction created recently that they were all afraid of storms, floods, eruptions, earthquakes and so on. We live in an era of people afraid of weather for goodness sake (climate change modelling) while ancient societies lived closer to nature and with natural events than we ever do.

The Victorians thought the Australian natives were subhuman because they didn't build mansions like Western society but inhabitants there are learning about wildfires and perhaps why the Australian people in older times could afford to move when necessary as practical people would. Societies grew up around eruptions because the chance was worth it given the fertile soil surrounding a volcano.

No, it is time to set aside fearful ancient societies, creating deities to explain natural events, although they were woven into cultural narratives of people living close to volcanoes, storms, earthquakes and so on. I don't fear weather like the 'climate change modellers' do which leaves genuine researchers free to discover events as they happen even if they are destructive for local populations. I am sorry researchers are railroaded into a false debate which distracts from genuine talent, productivity and creativity.

The whole 'science versus religion' is exceptionally stale and inherited mostly from the American variant of the cultural prejudice doctrine of Darwin/Wallace. The front page headlines of the New York Times shows Osborn using the phony Piltdown man to separate humanity into white complexion, black complexion, Chinese and Australian 'races' -

In short, things are not as simple as some people choose to believe by diminishing older societies because of some Hollywoodised version of them.

This is a digression from the main spectacle but an eruption, other than a pyroclastic flow, would have been as magnificent for older societies as it would for us.