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LUAS Network + Future Expansion

24

Comments

  • Registered Users Posts: 823 ✭✭✭spillit67


    The thing is that the city core doesn’t need that much more line length to be great.

    Through running the Lucan Luas a further 2km along with Metrolink, DART+ and ensuring lines can be moved between be amazing.

    You can have several combination of lines once the Green Line stops having to do the heavy lift N-S and the Red Line W-E.

    Low hanging fruit has to be taken as well in terms of extensions. Whilst not all KM are created equally in terms of utility, that is also the same for cost.



  • Registered Users Posts: 823 ✭✭✭spillit67




  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 1,769 ✭✭✭KrisW1001


    This is the 2022 GDA transport plan map with Luas+Metro services only - it features the same Luas network as shown on the map @bk posted.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 82 ✭✭scrabtom


    This is the one TII put out recently in their stuff about the 20 year anniversary of the Luas.

    Looks like a very ambitious plan for the 10 years between 2040 and 2050.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 9,773 ✭✭✭cgcsb


    Surely they would envisage a 2nd or 3rd metro line by 2050



  • Moderators, Motoring & Transport Moderators, Technology & Internet Moderators Posts: 23,028 Mod ✭✭✭✭bk




  • Moderators, Motoring & Transport Moderators, Technology & Internet Moderators Posts: 23,028 Mod ✭✭✭✭bk


    Ah, very interesting, I hadn't seen that, thanks.

    It looks largely the same, with mostly the same radial routes, the addition of oribtal routes and a different route for Lucan Luas in the city center being the big differences.

    There are other obvious bits they are leaving out not to impact Metrolink:

    • I'd expect Orbital West to continue North to connect the Finglas line, Metrolink, Balgirffin and Clongriffin lines (plus DART).
    • I'd expect the Swords Road line to split at Collins Avenue with the other line going towards Santry.

    I'd expect they are just waiting for Metrolink to start construction before updating the plan with the above. Don't want to give anyone the idea of building these instead of Metrolink.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 1,295 ✭✭✭D.L.R.


    So they've sh!tcanned the central corridor along Thomas/Dame which would have opened up a whole city-wide network of possibilities. Now the long term 'vision' for trams in Dublin is one single East-West tram route along the north fringe of the centre which is already over capacity.

    And three disconnected orbital routes.

    Hopeless.

    But fortunately plans in this country are rewritten every 10 years so much of this hairbrained nonsense will very likely never happen.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 1,769 ✭✭✭KrisW1001


    Yes, it's disappointing to see that small but damaging change to the Luas Lucan route...



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  • Moderators, Motoring & Transport Moderators, Technology & Internet Moderators Posts: 23,028 Mod ✭✭✭✭bk


    Do keep in mind these are just evolving high level plans. Each route will need to be studied in detail and different options looked at.

    At a high level, the core idea is converting the core BusConnects routes into Luas lines. It has become obvious that we are at the limit of what you can do with Double Decker buses and need to upgrade the core routes to Luas.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 1,295 ✭✭✭D.L.R.


    But look at all the new radial routes, they just converge on the red line. WTF is this garbage?

    Zero thought or effort put into the central core - have we learned nothing since the days of that halfwit Mary O'Rourke.



  • Moderators, Motoring & Transport Moderators, Technology & Internet Moderators Posts: 23,028 Mod ✭✭✭✭bk


    Some converge on Metrolink, some converge on the Red Line. Perhpas they are thinking of major upgrades to the Red Line, cut and cover it under Abbey Street?



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 1,295 ✭✭✭D.L.R.


    I'd say there's a better chance of Ireland putting a man on the moon.



  • Moderators, Motoring & Transport Moderators, Technology & Internet Moderators Posts: 23,028 Mod ✭✭✭✭bk


    I'd say the best option would be a combination of the T42 and the T50 plan. The Lucan Luas from the T42, with the outer oribtal of the T50 and continued North to Metrolink and until Clongriffin.



  • Registered Users Posts: 1,236 ✭✭✭gjim


    Come on admit it - as a "vision" statement it's absolutely rubbish.

    It's design by "let's see where it would cheap n' easy to put down tram tracks" with little regard for actually solving the glaring issues with PT in Dublin.

    I thought terminating the Lucan Luas at the gates of trinity was daft but this takes it to another level - to get to town from Lucan on the shiny new Luas, you'll have to transfer to the Red line somewhere west of James?

    Adding more outer capacity feeding into an already overcrowded inner section is not just kicking-the-can on doing something about the lack of core capacity - by filling the trams further out from the city, you are actively removing utility for users who want to board closer to the centre of the city. Current tram users coming from Heuston are effectively being asked/forced to give up their seats for commuters from Lucan. Any utility the red line had for handling transfers from Heuston to the centre (remember how this was a key selling point of the Red line - the Heuston/Connolly link) will be destroyed by this plan.

    This is like something the Corporation of 1960-1990 would design - when the city centre was treated like a dump by corpo workers who exclusively lived in the suburbs. It's difficult to imagine the thinking behind a plan which sees not adding a single km of tram line within the canals for the next 25 years in a "vision for the future of Luas" as being inspired either by extreme stupidity/ignorance of the problems facing city commuters daily or by some odd-ball hatred of the city centre. Or maybe someone is refusing to give up their 1970s vision of turning Dublin into the ultimate "donut city" - you can comfortably board a tram in a outer suburban business park like citywest, but get off an intercity train at Hueston and, sorry, there's no room for you.



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  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 9,773 ✭✭✭cgcsb


    Alot of those conceptual lines will be replaced by metro. Once metrolink is built, people will scream for it in their area.



  • Moderators, Motoring & Transport Moderators, Technology & Internet Moderators Posts: 23,028 Mod ✭✭✭✭bk


    No, while not perfect, the T42/50 plans make perfect sense at a high level. It is your proposed plan that makes zero sense!

    I think you have lost sight of the issues we have with public transport in Dublin and what needs to be done to fix issue.

    The big issue we have is that we are fundamentally too reliant on buses. We have too many buses, they are too full and we have too few drivers. We need to move from a bus driver carrying 80 passengers to a Luas driver carrying 300. Basically replace the core radial bus routes into the city with Luas lines.

    Your plan fails badly to do that. Take your Swords Road route to Griffith Avenue, that is like just 3km from OCS, that is the "short fare" under BusConnects! I can tell you with complete certainty that by Griffith Avenue, buses going south are usually 90%+ full at that point at peak times. So if you follow your plan, you would still need most of the buses on this corridor as your Luas line isn't serving the majority of the people on this corridor.

    Similar I'm sure with your route towards UCD that doesn't actually get to UCD! Again it isn't serving the vast majority of people on this corridor, so you would still need most of the buses and bus drivers!

    It simply doesn't make sense as it does little or nothing to fix the biggest issues Dublin has. Also it probably wouldn't pass a CBA, as one the one hand you are building the most expensive part of the Luas network, the core city center sections, while not serving or carrying enough passengers to justify the cost.

    Now turning our attention to the T42/50 plans. At a high level they make sense, turn the core radial BusConnects routes into the city center into Luas lines, thus greatly reducing the number of buses needed.

    I agree that the 2050 Vision doesn't make sense in the core city center section. However I suspect this is due to parts of the plan being left out at this early stage for political/public sensitivity reasons.

    You can easily see that with obvious bits like extending the Finglas Luas to meet Metrolink and the North outer orbital sections. But I'd also suggest that they are leaving out some parts of the core city center for similar reasons.

    There is currently a lot of sensitivity about the restrictions on the quays and the perception of cars being banned from the city center. I'd guess they don't want to add fuel to the fire at this early stage by drawing a bunch of new Luas lines in the city center, until closer to the time that this work might start going into serious planning.



  • Registered Users Posts: 1,236 ✭✭✭gjim


    The big issue we have is that we are fundamentally too reliant on buses. We have too many buses, they are too full and we have too few drivers. We need to move from a bus driver carrying 80 passengers to a Luas driver carrying 300. Basically replace the core radial bus routes into the city with Luas lines.

    We're too reliant on buses for getting into and out of the centre. Buses are an important part of any functional public transport system and ALL cities with great public transport use them extensively.

    I can't understand your claim that my idea "makes no sense" given the entire purpose of it was to illustrate that we should be providing radial tram routes into the city centre to replace buses? An aim you seem to support?

    Instead you are championing a plan which provides ZERO radial capacity into the city. Dropping people off somewhere west of Hueston to board an overcrowded red Luas is not adding radial capacity into the city. A plan that sees building tram lines to meander through suburban housing estates like ballyfermot and Lucan, while the streets of the city are clogged with busses, is not adding radial capacity.

    If you see that the way buses are currently used is a problem, then I cannot fathom how you think NOT providing any new Luas capacity through the centre "helps solve a fundamental problem with PT in Dublin".

    Name any city known for having good PT where 90% of the trams operate outside of the city centre while buses provide 70% of the transport in the city centre itself? Because that's exactly the opposite how it's done everywhere - trams, metros and S-Bahn for getting into and through the centre, buses for the suburbs, orbitals and providing specialist connecting services.



  • Registered Users Posts: 1,236 ✭✭✭gjim


    I don't get you. You mean they will be built as tram lines and (decades) later replaced with underground metros? Or that the NTA are not really planning these tram routes at all but intend to build metros?

    Neither sound very plausible to me.

    Finglas metro is already close to RO - thankfully it's easily the most sensible of the planned Luas extensions so no way is that going to be metro.

    They should ditch the rest while they have a chance - and come up with a new design for a future Luas network. MetroNorth was re-designed and we got the superior ML.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 35,610 ✭✭✭✭Hotblack Desiato


    There is currently a lot of sensitivity about the restrictions on the quays and the perception of cars being banned from the city center. I'd guess they don't want to add fuel to the fire at this early stage by drawing a bunch of new Luas lines in the city center, until closer to the time that this work might start going into serious planning.

    It's as if we need a generation to die off before we can even begin proper PT planning in this city…

    Scrap the cap!



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  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 9,773 ✭✭✭cgcsb


    As in some of these tram lines won't be built, they'll be upgraded to metro while they are still on paper.

    By 2050 who knows what kind of a population we'll be dealing with. Dublin could be as big as Munich by then. One metro line might not quite cut it.



  • Registered Users Posts: 94 ✭✭OisinCooke


    The way I see it, Luas Lucan has no firm plans as things stand, just Feasibility Studies on TII’s website, and there are 3 main ‘plans’ out there (if you’d even call them that): the utterly stupid ‘branch of the Red Line’ option, the not much better Dolphin’s Barn to Charlemont (but not even Charlemont, two different direction-dependent stations in the Charlemont area…) plan, or the best option, by far, the James’ to College Green route, with future extension to Tara Luas and Ringsend Irishtown possible (the plan the turn the Red Line back across the river after the Point to serve this is just ridiculous…).

    I’d like to think that this is not an official map that they’ve showcased as there has been no dedicated report on it, unlike the 2022-2042 GDA Transit Strategy which seems pretty much as set-in-stone as we can expect to get at this stage of proceedings. I don’t think this Facebook image is in any way indicative of TII’s set-in-stone Luas plans and I wouldn’t in any way take it to mean that Luas Thomas/Dame Street is being cancelled.

    It’s a pretty obvious case that to add outer capacity, we need to increase city centre capacity and Luas Lucan going via Thomas/Dame Street is the only way to do that without digging up the city for a cut and cover metro/tram line.

    Finally I do agree with those here who say that realistically, some of the post-2042 Luas lines will be metro-redesigned after the opening of ML, not sure ones at this stage but I can see Knocklyon - Clongriffin being a big contender…

    I can only hope to God though that that image is indeed nothing more than a crayon drawing… If the government really plan to abandon Luas Thomas/Dame Street, I think there really is no hope for country… I’ll be moving to Germany if that’s the case…



  • Moderators, Motoring & Transport Moderators, Technology & Internet Moderators Posts: 23,028 Mod ✭✭✭✭bk


    It’s a pretty obvious case that to add outer capacity, we need to increase city centre capacity and Luas Lucan going via Thomas/Dame Street is the only way to do that without digging up the city for a cut and cover metro/tram line.

    Another option is to route a line down one or both sides of the quays.



  • Registered Users Posts: 823 ✭✭✭spillit67


    iirc the various plans all mention that Luas can become Metro.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 1,295 ✭✭✭D.L.R.




  • Moderators, Science, Health & Environment Moderators Posts: 5,164 Mod ✭✭✭✭spacetweek


    ”If the government really plan to abandon Luas Thomas/Dame Street, I think there really is no hope for country… I’ll be moving to Germany if that’s the case…”

    Slightly more realistic expectations needed! Once the College green Plaza was announced, with full pedestrianisation from the George’s Street junction to Trinity College, any possibility of a Luas going down there was gone. It’s not exactly a pedestrian plaza if it has Luas going through every five minutes?

    Or maybe that is the plan? Alexanderplatz in Berlin is a plaza with trams running past, although they don’t go through the middle of it, they run along the side.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 1,769 ✭✭✭KrisW1001


    That's only true while these are still just coloured lines on a map.

    Building as Luas, then having to upgrade it in place to the level of segregation needed for an automated metro would cost almost as much as building the Luas and the Metro, plus you end up losing the service entirely for at least a year during the upgrade.

    Alternatively, building the line to meet the requirements of Metro but then only running Luas trams on it would end up costing more than just operating it as Metro from day 1.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 9,773 ✭✭✭cgcsb


    A luas route that took Dame St, George's St, Cuffe St, Leeson St and Donnybrook would be quite useful.

    A new east-west route in the city centre should be higher capacity than the existing luas red line with less frequent stops, thats the best way to relieve the existing congested service.

    That role should be done either by DART underground or a Lucan to Ringsend metro line



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 4,703 ✭✭✭TheChrisD


    Plenty of pedestrianised areas in major cities still have public transport corridors run through them; albeit generally heavily speed limited.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 4 DrivingSouth


    Place de la comedie in Montpellier is a pedestrianised square with trams along one side.

    I always envisaged this was the kind of plan for college green. Have the trams along the north offer of the street. Then from the median to the south side have all the outdoor terraces for restaurants and cafes. The family friendly partner to Temple bar, which would now be literally the wrong side of the tracks 😁



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  • Registered Users Posts: 94 ✭✭OisinCooke


    Yes good point, and while I understand what you’re saying, there are countless pedestrianised plazas in the world that have only trams still running through them. Piccadilly Gardens in Manchester is a great example, the city centres biggest tram stop, located in the pedestrianised city centre plaza (the equivalent of College Green pretty much).

    Trams really are the best suited public transport mode for pedestrianised areas in my opinion, they’re quiet, sleek and can move large amounts of pedestrians in and out of the area quickly. It would be very remiss of them to cancel Luas Thomas/Dame Street for that reason



  • Registered Users Posts: 121 ✭✭Thunder87


    The difference with most of the examples is they're actually squares or plazas. College Green, even after pedestrianisation will essentially just be a wide(ish) street and having two tram lines on it would kill any possibility of it being a real public space as you'd still need to keep most of it clear for trams.

    Surely the whole point of the College Green plan is to create a central focal point / gathering space that's sorely lacking in Dublin at the moment, if most of it was still a transport corridor it could never function like that



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 82 ✭✭scrabtom


    I don't really know where everyone got the idea that the Dame Street route was the default one for Luas Lucan. It is not even listed as an option in the 2021 feasibility study.

    Is the option through the Liberties not pretty similar anyway? It's only a few hundred meters away from the Dame Street route.

    I guess one thing they maybe want to consider is whether they will just be copying the route through the city used by DART Underground, assuming that gets built any time in the next 30 years (probably not).



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 38 PlatformNine


    I think the best option they have for running a tram to Dame street would be terminating it there for this reason. I think if the end of the line was just after George's street similair to how The Point station is, it would still at least allow the tram to end there with 3 platforms or 2 and a siding, without having to sacrifice a large chunk of College Green to a tramway.



  • Registered Users Posts: 823 ✭✭✭spillit67


    The opportunity is there with the plaza to go cut and cover for such a section for a short distance. Shame it won’t happen.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 35,610 ✭✭✭✭Hotblack Desiato


    Let's all sing that Monorail song from the Simpsons. All of the unbuilt Luas lines could become Metro. The next person to walk on the moon could be an Irishman.

    Scrap the cap!



  • Registered Users Posts: 823 ✭✭✭spillit67


    I could be wrong but 90% sure I read that in one of the plans. The notional Luas lines are just where they have identified where they want rail to go.



  • Moderators, Science, Health & Environment Moderators Posts: 19,910 Mod ✭✭✭✭Sam Russell


    I like the idea of a line from GCD to Dolphin's Barn (following the canal or SCR which would connect with the Green Line and allow trams from SSG to turn left or right and go to GCD or DB or onto Sandyford (until that option becomes ML).

    That would create a number of routes that would create a network.

    Similar option would be to get Red Line trams to go from James to Trinity and onto Ringsend, or from Heuston onto Ringsend.

    This would begin to resemble the tram network that existed in Dublin a century ago.



  • Moderators, Science, Health & Environment Moderators Posts: 5,164 Mod ✭✭✭✭spacetweek


    In the 2000s the Lucan Luas preferred route went from James down Dame Street to terminate at Trinity. But in the 2010s when the project came back that option had been eliminated, as the map you posted shows.

    In my opinion option one and two should both be built. Option One is great because you get into the city centre, option two could be done as a standalone line to connect up all the other lines. It would connect Luas red line, Green line, Metro and if extended further as far as Clanwilliam Place, DART coastal.



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  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 82 ✭✭scrabtom


    If they did both that would also enable the line to Clondalkin they want to eventually build.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 35,610 ✭✭✭✭Hotblack Desiato


    Is it just me or are all three of those options fairly crap?

    Scrap the cap!



  • Registered Users Posts: 94 ✭✭OisinCooke


    My opinion too… for what could theoretically be the last ‘cross city’ Luas project, they should be going brave and bold with the plans, to the point where all other future Luas lines can just feed into this central core ‘circle’… Not scabbing money and fear of upsetting a few people to end up with only a so-so final result. Now is the time to be bold and make the difficult but necessary decisions. Not tunnelling under Abbey Street perhaps but definitely building the Luas up to and even across College Green.

    On a side note I was in Sevilla recently enough and saw that the tram system they have there uses a very clever gauntlet rail system in the central section which is a large predestined street of historical significance. Could something like this be done for about 100 metres through College Green to minimise space take by trams…? Wouldn’t be too much of a capacity hindrance either and even still, half of the trams could terminate at the bottom of Dame Street with the rest running through to Ringsend, to avoid capacity issues…?



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 9,773 ✭✭✭cgcsb


    Lucan is too far from the centre and now too populous to be relying on an on street tram with a 1hour journey time for radial journeys. Luas is great but it should have never been relied upon to serve areas outside the M50. Those areas need a DART or metro service that can deliver sub 30 minute journey times to the centre. Swords will get that with Metrolink, parts of the Blanchardstown area will get that with DART, the same is required for Lucan, Tallaght, Clondalkin, Coolock and Rathfarnham.

    Metrolink 2 and 3 should be: Tallaght-Coolock and Lucan-Ringsend

    Then Luas needs it's central area seriously beefed up before adding new radial spurs to the existing 2 line system, a second North-South and a second East-West should be a priority.



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 82 ✭✭scrabtom


    Parts of Lucan are quite close to Dart South West so they have that. The areas of Lucan that will be served by Luas Lucan are by and large just housing estates. I spend quite a lot of time in the area and it really doesn't seem high density enough to justify a metro.

    I think a Luas through the Liberties is perfectly fine. It will go to the Stephens Green area which is where a lot of jobs are.

    If they're going to build a big plaza in College Green I think a Luas line going through it would greatly hamper the utility of it. The Luas is fairly loud if you're right beside it.



  • Registered Users Posts: 65 ✭✭The Mathematician


    When the London underground was extended into the suburbs, they were just housing estates, and much of the area is still the same.

    I think the problem we have at the moment is that a lot of people just don't realise how much better a proper metro will be compared to an on-street Luas. I have no doubt that once we get the first metro built, it will be such a success that others will follow.



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  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 1,769 ✭✭✭KrisW1001


    Here’s a couple of ideas…

    Link 1 connects Red line to Green at College Green. The High Street to Dame Steet section could eventually be taken over by Luas Lucan, but in the meantime it provides a Heuston-Southside link.

    Link 2 provides an alternative N/S link between Red and Green - this is mainly for the benefit of Red line, which could now run to Finglas.

    Link X is where I’d like to see the Lucan line continue: Pearse station, Merrion Square, Baggot Street, then to the canal end of Leeson St to meet the future Green realignment.

    The reasoning behind this is that on-street sections in the city centre are are slower than lines in the periphery, so to reduce that bottleneck in the centre, split the services into different city-centre destinations, then re-combine them before leaving the centre.

    This kind of branching doesn’t add much end-to-end capacity, but utilisation would increase, because passengers have a greater choice of destinations available to them, and within the city, there are more access points for travel further out of the city. Also, having multiple lines in the centre means it’s possible to implement city-area services without killing long-distance capacity.

    Thoughts welcome, but do keep in mind that this was 20 minutes with a drawing program, and not some highly-researched plan..



  • Moderators, Science, Health & Environment Moderators Posts: 5,164 Mod ✭✭✭✭spacetweek


    I like those ideas. If we build the network in the Luas 2050 Vision map, we should have some of the lines run through the centre out the far side. For example, Clarehall-Beaumont-City Centre could continue to Four Courts then become the Kimmage-Clondalkin line. All one line end to end. It would still approach the core inner city closely enough that most people wouldn't need to alight and use the Red Line to complete their journey.

    Similarly the Clongriffin-Clarehall-Connolly line could continue across the river to Pearse St where it could meet a College Green-Ringsend line. I'm coming around to the idea that the latter line would be better than 3Arena-Ringsend: no huge bridge needed across the river, serves southside destinations, busy existing route, BusConnects corridor, less long winded for Ringsend passengers than being brought over to the northside. Also it could be built in isolation from Lucan Luas if running trams through pedestrianised College Green proved to be too controversial.

    As for Metro Lucan-Ringsend, Lucan is way too low density, fully built out, and too close to the DART to ever need Metro. I wonder if there might be a case for building the Metro Heuston-Ringsend segment, but you could just do DART Tunnel.

    Remember that because Lucan Luas will intersect DART twice (at Adamstown and Kylemore stations) many people will not use it to get into the city but only as far as their nearest DART station before changing to the DART.



  • Moderators, Motoring & Transport Moderators, Technology & Internet Moderators Posts: 23,028 Mod ✭✭✭✭bk


    Lucan is about the same distance from the city as Cherrywood is, so distance wise okay and as spacetweek says it will intersect with DART. In many ways it will be much better then the Green line to the south!

    Also when people say things like "street trams", I think they underestimate how relatively high spec and high capacity or Luas lines are.

    To give an example, our two Luas lines carries more passengers as 2 of Amsterdams 5 Metro lines! 2 of the other Metro lines are only a bit higher and only one line is truly much higher.

    Our two Luas lines carry about 132,000 people per day (combined) or 66k each, while the Amsterdam Metro lines are, 60,600 / 60,800 / 73,500 / 84,000 / 100,200

    Of course Amsterdam also has an extensive cycling network and tram network, but the point is it does show the capacity in Luas and how it is closer to Metro levels then a simple "street tram".



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 9,773 ✭✭✭cgcsb


    The real point of lucan to ringsend wouldn't be just to serve lucan but rather to provide high capacity east-west route through the city centre. It could have surface running or cut and cover at its more westerly end.

    You could also make the above point about swords not needing a metro line



  • Registered Users, Registered Users 2 Posts: 82 ✭✭scrabtom


    Would DART Underground not provide that while providing all the other benefits to the rail network?

    Granted yes a dedicated metro going all the way to Ringsend would serve the purpose better but it seems a bit daft to build both DART Underground and a metro to Lucan when they would both have very similar routes, given how much these things cost.



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